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Four Major types of Tissues
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Stages of Mitosis
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SSCT Intro to A&P.
SSCT Intro to Anantomy & Physiology Ch. 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four Major types of Tissues | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous |
| Stages of Mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | chemical compound that provides energy for use by body cells |
| Apoptosis | cell death by means of several biochemical processes built into each cell; clears space for newer cells, as in early embryonic development or in tissue repair |
| Centromere | a breadlike strructure that attaches one chromatoid to another during the early stages of mitosis |
| Chondrocytes | cartilage cell |
| Chromotid | a chromosome strand |
| Chromatin | staining subtance in the nucleas of cells, divides into chromosomes during mitosis |
| Chromosome | DNA molecule that has coiled to form a compact mass during mitosis or meiosis; each is compose of genes which transmit hereditary information |
| Cleavage furrow | depression in the parent cell surface during cell division; it appears at the end of anaphase and begins to divide the cell into two daughter cells |
| Collagen | principle organic constituent of connective tissue |
| Crenation | abdnormal notching in an erythrocyte resulting from shrinkage aftr suspension in a hypertonic solution |
| Cytoplasm | gel like substance of a cell exclusive of the nucleas and other organelles |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | genetic material of th cell that carries the chemical "blueprint" of the body |
| Gene | one of many segments of a chromosome(DNA molecule); each gene contains the genetic code for synthesizing a protein molecule such as an enzyme or hormone |
| Genome | entire set of chromosomes in a cell |
| Glia | supporting cells of nervous tissue, also called neuroglia |
| Goblet Cell | specialized cells found in simpler columnar epithelium that produce mucus |
| Hypertonic | a solution containing a higher level of salt than is found in a living red blood cell |
| Hypotonic | a solution containing a lower level of salt than is found in a living red blood cell |
| Interphase | the phase immediately before the visible stages of cell division when the DNA of each chromosome replicates itself |
| Interstital fluid | fluid located in the microscopic spaces between the cells |
| Lyse | disintegration of a cell |
| Matrix | the intracellular substance of a tissue; i.e. bone is calcified, blood is liquid |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | a duplicate copy of a gene sequence on the DNA that passes from the nucleas to the cytoplasm |
| Mitosis | indirect cell division involving complex changes in the nucleas |
| Prophase | 1st - first stage of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible |
| Metaphase | 2nd - second stage of mitosis, during which the muclear envelope and nucleolus disappear |
| Anaphase | 3rd - stage of mitosis; duplicate chromosomes move to poles of dividing cells |
| Telophase | 4th- last stage of mitosis in which the cell divides |
| Neuron | electrically neutral particle within the nucleas of an atom |
| Axon | nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body |
| Dendrite | branching or treelike; a nerve cell process that tranmits impulses toward the body |
| Nucleolus | critical to protein formation because it "programs" the formation of ribosomes in the nucleas |
| Nucleoplasm | a special type of cytoplasm found in the nucleus |
| Organelle | cell organ; i.e. the ribosome |
| Centriole | one of a pair of tiny cylinders in the centrosome of a cell; believed to be involved with the spindle fibers formed during mitosis |
| Cilia | hairlike projections of cells |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | network of tubules and vesicles in cytoplasm |
| Flagellum | single projection extending from the cell surface; only example in humans is the "tail" of the tale sperm |
| Golgi Apparatus | small sacs stacked on one another near the nucleas that makes carbohydrate compounds, combines them with protein molecules, and packages the product in a globule |
| Lysosome | membranous organelles containing various enzymes that can dissolve most cellular compounds; |
| Mitochondria | threadlike structures |
| Nucleus | spherical structure within a cell |
| Plasma Membrane | membrane that separates the contest of a cell from the tissue fluid |
| Ribosome | organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that synthezes proteins; also know as protein factory |
| Osteon | structural unit of compact bone tissue made up of concentric layers of hard bone matrix and bone cells aka haversian system |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid found in the cytoplasm that is crucial to protein synthesis |
| Sodium-potassium pump | a system of coupled ion pumps that actively transports sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell at the same time-found in all living cells |
| Spindle Fiber | a network of tubules formed in the cytoplasm between the centrioles as they are moving away from each other |
| Tissue | group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| Adipose | fat tissue |
| Areolar | small space; the pigmented ring around the nipple |
| Columnar | shape in which cells are taller than they are wide |
| Cuboidal | cell shape resembling a cube |
| Hematopoietic | specialized connective tissue that is reponsible for the formation of blood cells and lymphatic system cells; found in red bone marrow, spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes |
| Squamous | scalelike |
| Transitional Epithelium | type of epithelial tissue that forms membranes capable of stretching without breaking, as in the urinary bladder |
| Transcription | occurs when the double-stranded DNA molecules unwind and form mRNA |
| Translation | a synthesis of a protein by ribosomes |
| Active Transport | movement of a substance into and out of a living cell requiring the use of cellular energy |
| Dialysis | Separation of smaller particles from larger particles through a semipermeable membrane |
| Diffusion | Spreading; ie scattering of dissolved particles |
| Filtration | movement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressure on one side |
| Osmosis | movement of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane |
| Phagocytosis | ingestion and digestion of particles by a cell |
| Pinosytosis | the active transport mechanisma used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells |
| Vesicle |
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