SSCT Intro to Anantomy & Physiology Ch. 3
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| Four Major types of Tissues | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
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| Stages of Mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | chemical compound that provides energy for use by body cells
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| Apoptosis | cell death by means of several biochemical processes built into each cell; clears space for newer cells, as in early embryonic development or in tissue repair
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| Centromere | a breadlike strructure that attaches one chromatoid to another during the early stages of mitosis
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| Chondrocytes | cartilage cell
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| Chromotid | a chromosome strand
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| Chromatin | staining subtance in the nucleas of cells, divides into chromosomes during mitosis
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| Chromosome | DNA molecule that has coiled to form a compact mass during mitosis or meiosis; each is compose of genes which transmit hereditary information
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| Cleavage furrow | depression in the parent cell surface during cell division; it appears at the end of anaphase and begins to divide the cell into two daughter cells
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| Collagen | principle organic constituent of connective tissue
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| Crenation | abdnormal notching in an erythrocyte resulting from shrinkage aftr suspension in a hypertonic solution
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| Cytoplasm | gel like substance of a cell exclusive of the nucleas and other organelles
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| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | genetic material of th cell that carries the chemical "blueprint" of the body
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| Gene | one of many segments of a chromosome(DNA molecule); each gene contains the genetic code for synthesizing a protein molecule such as an enzyme or hormone
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| Genome | entire set of chromosomes in a cell
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| Glia | supporting cells of nervous tissue, also called neuroglia
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| Goblet Cell | specialized cells found in simpler columnar epithelium that produce mucus
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| Hypertonic | a solution containing a higher level of salt than is found in a living red blood cell
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| Hypotonic | a solution containing a lower level of salt than is found in a living red blood cell
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| Interphase | the phase immediately before the visible stages of cell division when the DNA of each chromosome replicates itself
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| Interstital fluid | fluid located in the microscopic spaces between the cells
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| Lyse | disintegration of a cell
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| Matrix | the intracellular substance of a tissue; i.e. bone is calcified, blood is liquid
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| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | a duplicate copy of a gene sequence on the DNA that passes from the nucleas to the cytoplasm
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| Mitosis | indirect cell division involving complex changes in the nucleas
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| Prophase | 1st - first stage of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible
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| Metaphase | 2nd - second stage of mitosis, during which the muclear envelope and nucleolus disappear
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| Anaphase | 3rd - stage of mitosis; duplicate chromosomes move to poles of dividing cells
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| Telophase | 4th- last stage of mitosis in which the cell divides
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| Neuron | electrically neutral particle within the nucleas of an atom
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| Axon | nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body
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| Dendrite | branching or treelike; a nerve cell process that tranmits impulses toward the body
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| Nucleolus | critical to protein formation because it "programs" the formation of ribosomes in the nucleas
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| Nucleoplasm | a special type of cytoplasm found in the nucleus
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| Organelle | cell organ; i.e. the ribosome
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| Centriole | one of a pair of tiny cylinders in the centrosome of a cell; believed to be involved with the spindle fibers formed during mitosis
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| Cilia | hairlike projections of cells
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | network of tubules and vesicles in cytoplasm
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| Flagellum | single projection extending from the cell surface; only example in humans is the "tail" of the tale sperm
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| Golgi Apparatus | small sacs stacked on one another near the nucleas that makes carbohydrate compounds, combines them with protein molecules, and packages the product in a globule
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| Lysosome | membranous organelles containing various enzymes that can dissolve most cellular compounds;
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| Mitochondria | threadlike structures
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| Nucleus | spherical structure within a cell
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| Plasma Membrane | membrane that separates the contest of a cell from the tissue fluid
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| Ribosome | organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that synthezes proteins; also know as protein factory
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| Osteon | structural unit of compact bone tissue made up of concentric layers of hard bone matrix and bone cells aka haversian system
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| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid found in the cytoplasm that is crucial to protein synthesis
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| Sodium-potassium pump | a system of coupled ion pumps that actively transports sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell at the same time-found in all living cells
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| Spindle Fiber | a network of tubules formed in the cytoplasm between the centrioles as they are moving away from each other
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| Tissue | group of similar cells that perform a common function
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| Adipose | fat tissue
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| Areolar | small space; the pigmented ring around the nipple
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| Columnar | shape in which cells are taller than they are wide
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| Cuboidal | cell shape resembling a cube
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| Hematopoietic | specialized connective tissue that is reponsible for the formation of blood cells and lymphatic system cells; found in red bone marrow, spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes
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| Squamous | scalelike
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| Transitional Epithelium | type of epithelial tissue that forms membranes capable of stretching without breaking, as in the urinary bladder
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| Transcription | occurs when the double-stranded DNA molecules unwind and form mRNA
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| Translation | a synthesis of a protein by ribosomes
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| Active Transport | movement of a substance into and out of a living cell requiring the use of cellular energy
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| Dialysis | Separation of smaller particles from larger particles through a semipermeable membrane
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| Diffusion | Spreading; ie scattering of dissolved particles
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| Filtration | movement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressure on one side
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| Osmosis | movement of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane
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| Phagocytosis | ingestion and digestion of particles by a cell
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| Pinosytosis | the active transport mechanisma used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells
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| Vesicle |
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