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Anabolism
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Chapte 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anabolism | Larger molecules and made from smaller ones. Requires energy. Provides materials needed for cellular growth and repair. |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Builds up by removing water. Used to make polysaccharides, triglycerides and proteins. Produces water. |
| Catabolism | Breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules. Releases energy. |
| Hydrolysis | Water is used to split substances. Used to decompose carbs, lipids, and proteins. |
| Enzymes | Speeds up chemical reactions. Globular proteins with specific shapes. Not consumed in reactions. Substrate specific. |
| Metabolic pathways | series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to a formation of product.Each new substrate is product of previous reaction. Enzyme names reflect substrate and end is ase. |
| Cofactor | Helps active site attain its appropriate shape or helps bind the enzyme to its substate. |
| Coenzyme | Organic molecule composed of vitamin molecules and act as a cofactor. |
| Regulation of metabolic pathways | Limited #. Negative feedback. product slows down its own production. |
| ATP Molecules | A molecule that carries energy in a form that the cell can use. Consists of Adenine,ribose, and 3 phosphates in a chain. Powers cellular work, skeletal muscle contractions, active transport and secretion. Creates water and stores energy. |
| Phosphorylation | When ADP uses energy released from cellular respiration to reattach a phosphate to beome ATP again. |
| Oxidation | When cells burn glucose molecules |
| Cellular Respiration | Produces CO2, H2O, ATP and heat. |
| Glycoysis | Series of 10 reactions. Breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules. Anaerobic phase. Yields 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. |
| Anaerobic Reaction | Oxygen is not available. Electron transport system can't accept new electrons from NADH. Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid. Glycolysis is inhibited |
| Aerobic Reaction | Oxygen is available. Citric acid cycle begins. Electron transport system functions. CO2 and H2O are formed. 34 molecules of ATP are produced per each glucose molecule. |
| Electron Transport System | ATP is produced and water is formed. |
| Carbohydrate Storage | Carb molecules from food can enter catabolic pathways for energy production. Anabolic pathways for storage. Excess glucose stored as glycogen,(liver and muscle cells) fat and converted to amino acids. |
| Genetic information | Instructs cells how to contruct proteins; stored in DNA |
| Gene | segment of DNA that codes for one protein |
| Genome | complete set of genes |
| Genetic code | method used to translate a sequence of nucleotides of DNA into a sequence of amino acids. Each amino acid is represented by a triplet code. |
| Structure of DNA | Two polynucleotide chains that hydrogen bonds hold together and form a double helix. Bases pair specifically. (A-T, C-G) Outer edge is alternating phosphate and suger. |
| DNA replication | Hydrogen bonds break between bases. Double strands pull apart. New nucleotides pair with exposed bases. |
| RNA | Single stranded. Has a U in code instead of T. |
| Transcription | Process of coping DNA information into an RNA sequence. |
| Translation | The translation of RNA into amino acids |
Created by:
merobbins
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