Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapte 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anabolism | Larger molecules and made from smaller ones. Requires energy. Provides materials needed for cellular growth and repair. |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Builds up by removing water. Used to make polysaccharides, triglycerides and proteins. Produces water. |
| Catabolism | Breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules. Releases energy. |
| Hydrolysis | Water is used to split substances. Used to decompose carbs, lipids, and proteins. |
| Enzymes | Speeds up chemical reactions. Globular proteins with specific shapes. Not consumed in reactions. Substrate specific. |
| Metabolic pathways | series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to a formation of product.Each new substrate is product of previous reaction. Enzyme names reflect substrate and end is ase. |
| Cofactor | Helps active site attain its appropriate shape or helps bind the enzyme to its substate. |
| Coenzyme | Organic molecule composed of vitamin molecules and act as a cofactor. |
| Regulation of metabolic pathways | Limited #. Negative feedback. product slows down its own production. |
| ATP Molecules | A molecule that carries energy in a form that the cell can use. Consists of Adenine,ribose, and 3 phosphates in a chain. Powers cellular work, skeletal muscle contractions, active transport and secretion. Creates water and stores energy. |
| Phosphorylation | When ADP uses energy released from cellular respiration to reattach a phosphate to beome ATP again. |
| Oxidation | When cells burn glucose molecules |
| Cellular Respiration | Produces CO2, H2O, ATP and heat. |
| Glycoysis | Series of 10 reactions. Breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules. Anaerobic phase. Yields 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. |
| Anaerobic Reaction | Oxygen is not available. Electron transport system can't accept new electrons from NADH. Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid. Glycolysis is inhibited |
| Aerobic Reaction | Oxygen is available. Citric acid cycle begins. Electron transport system functions. CO2 and H2O are formed. 34 molecules of ATP are produced per each glucose molecule. |
| Electron Transport System | ATP is produced and water is formed. |
| Carbohydrate Storage | Carb molecules from food can enter catabolic pathways for energy production. Anabolic pathways for storage. Excess glucose stored as glycogen,(liver and muscle cells) fat and converted to amino acids. |
| Genetic information | Instructs cells how to contruct proteins; stored in DNA |
| Gene | segment of DNA that codes for one protein |
| Genome | complete set of genes |
| Genetic code | method used to translate a sequence of nucleotides of DNA into a sequence of amino acids. Each amino acid is represented by a triplet code. |
| Structure of DNA | Two polynucleotide chains that hydrogen bonds hold together and form a double helix. Bases pair specifically. (A-T, C-G) Outer edge is alternating phosphate and suger. |
| DNA replication | Hydrogen bonds break between bases. Double strands pull apart. New nucleotides pair with exposed bases. |
| RNA | Single stranded. Has a U in code instead of T. |
| Transcription | Process of coping DNA information into an RNA sequence. |
| Translation | The translation of RNA into amino acids |
Created by:
merobbins
Popular Anatomy sets