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Southeasten Digestiv
Southeastern Institute - Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of the Digestive System | Ingestion, digestion, absorption& defecation |
| Ingestion | Orally taking in food & drink |
| Digestion | Mechanical & chemical process of mixing food with enzymes and converting it to an absorbable state |
| Absorption | Products of digestion move to blood then to the cells |
| Defecation | Eliminating indigestible or unabsorbed material form the body |
| Alimentary Canal | Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract, Mostly coiled passageway that goes from mouth to anus, Includes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine |
| Tunics | Layers of the GI tract that produce and secrete enzymes |
| What kind of muscle is mostly found in the digestive system? | Smooth muscle |
| Tonic contraction | Sustained contraction in sphincter muscles |
| Sphincter | A ring of muscle fibers that regulate movement of materials from one compartment to another |
| Peristalsis | Rhythmic muscle contraction that occurs behind bolus (partially digested food) |
| Peritoneum | Envelopes entire abdominal wall, Largest serous membrane in body, Allows digestive & visceral organs to slide easily against abdominal wall without friction, Includes mesenteries, parietal & visceral peritoneum, and greater & lesser omentum |
| Mesenteries | Fatty apron, Fan shaped peritoneum that connects all divisions of small intestines |
| Oral Cavity | Mouth, Port of entry for food & drink,Tongue, teeth, gums & salivary duct openings, Where digestion begins |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Gustatory Organs | Taste buds, Chemoreceptors |
| Deglutition | Swallowing |
| Saliva | Initiates digestion of starches & fatsPharynx |
| Esophagus | Gullet, Muscular tube that connects pharynx to stomach, lining secretes mucus to help transport food |
| Stomach | J-shaped organ, enlargement of GI tract bound by sphincters |
| Cardioesophageal sphincter | Sphincter between esophagus and stomach |
| Pyloric sphincter | Sphincter between stomach and small intestine |
| Rugae | Folds in stomach’s lining to allow for expansion |
| Bolus | Partially digested food |
| Chyme | What bolus becomes after being processed in the stomach |
| G cells | Endocrine cells that secrete hormone gastrin |
| Parietal cells | Exocrine, Required to absorb B12 and produces hydrochloric acid |
| Chief cells | Pepsinogin for protein digestion and protects gastric lining |
| Small Intestine | Responsible for 90% of all absorption. longest section of alimentary canal |
| Ileocecal sphincter | Sphincter that connects small intestine to large intestine |
| Villi | Fingerlike projections that house blood & lymph capillaries |
| Microvilli | “brush border”, contains Lacteals which are lymphatic capillaries located in a villus |
| Duodenum | First section of small intestine |
| Sphincter of Oddi | Sphincter found in the duodenum that regulates secretions of pancreas, liver & gallbladder |
| Jejunum | Intermediate portion of the small intestine, Absorption of water |
| Ileum | Last portion of small intestine, fat absorption |
| Large Intestine | Colon, makes mucus |
| Flexures | Curves in the colon |
| Cecum | First section of the colon |
| Ileocecal Sphincter | Sphincter between small and large intestine |
| Vermiform Appendix | Suspended inferiorly from the cecum |
| Ascending Colon | Part of colon between cecum and Hepatic flexure |
| Hepatic flexure | Between ascending and transverse colon |
| Transverse Colon | Between hepatic and splenic flexures |
| Splenic flexure | Flexure between transverse & descending colon |
| Descending Colon | Between splenic flexure and sigmoid colon |
| Sigmoid Colon | Between descending colon and rectum |
| Rectum | Connects colon to anus and is used for storage |
| Liver | Largest internal organ, more than 500 functions, makes bile, stores vitamins A, D, E, & K and minerals, Detoxes toxic substances and those that can’t be broken down are stored |
| Gallbladder | Stores and concentrates bile manufactured by the liver |
| Pancreas | Inferior & posterior to the stomach, produces (or secretes) digestive enzymes, break down proteins, carbs & fats, Most important digestive gland |
| Proteins | Organic compounds that contain large combinations of amino acids, 8 essential amino acids |
| Carbohydrates | Body’s preferred source of energy, Mediated by insulin, Starches and sugars,Required for metabolism of other nutrients |
| Fats | Lipids or fatty acids, Can be solid or liquid |
| Saturated Fat | Bad fats, Solid at room temperature, Lard, processed oils |
| Unsaturated Fat | Good fats, Olive, peanut, flaxseed, sesame oils, Liquid at room temperature |
| Vitamins | Organic compounds essential for normal physiological & metabolic functioning |
| Fat soluble vitamins | Stored in body, A, D, E, K |
| Water soluble vitamins | Not stored in bodyMust be ingested regularly, B & C |
| Minerals | Essential non-organic compounds,Only need trace amounts,Vital in regulating many bodily functions, Referred to as metal, nonmetal, radical, or phosphate rather than compound name |
| Water | Every part of the body needs this nutrient, Except for skin it surrounds every cell, All nutrients & wastes travel through ______-based fluids |
Created by:
cmcracken
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