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A&Plab3
A&P lab 3 (long bone structure & skull bones)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skeletal system | supports, protects, provides levers, stores lipids & minerals (calcium), hematopoiesis |
| axial skeleton | axis of skeleton - skull, vertebrae, ribs |
| appendicular skeleton | appendages |
| bone structure | compact or spongy, long, short, flat, irregular |
| diaphysis | shaft |
| epiphysis | end of long bone |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate |
| epiphyseal line | remnants of epiphyseal plate |
| medullary cavity | central cavity of diaphysis |
| endosteum | lining of shaft |
| yellow marrow | storage for adipose tissue |
| red marrow | area involved in forming blood cells |
| periosteum | covers bone surface |
| articular cartilage | covers epiphyseal surface |
| spongy bone | composed of small trabeculae and lots of open space |
| compact bone | looks smooth & homogeneous |
| osteon | Haversian system - bone unit |
| central canal | Haversian Canal - runs parallel to long bone |
| lamellae | circles around lacunae/osteons |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| lacunae | chambers that hold osteocytes |
| canaliculi | tiny canals |
| perforating canals | Volkmann's Canals - perpendicular to shaft |
| frontal bone | anterior portion of cranium |
| parietal bone | postereolateral to frontal bone |
| sagittal suture | midline articulation point of two parietal bones |
| coronal suture | point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone |
| temporal bones | inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull |
| squamous suture | point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone |
| external auditory meatus | canal leading to eardrum & middle ear |
| styloid process | needlelike projection inferior to external auditory meatus |
| zygomatic process | a bridgelike projection joining to zygomatic bone anteriorly |
| mastoid process | rough projection inferior & posterior to external auditory meatus |
| mandibular fossa | rounded depression on the inferior surface of zygomatic process, forms socket for mandibular condyle |
| jugular foramen | opening medial to the styloid process through which internal jugular vein and cranial nerves |
| carotid canal | opening medial to styloid process through which internal carotid artery passes into cranial cavity |
| internal acoustic meatus | opening on posterior aspect of temporal bone allowing passage of cranial nerves |
| foramen lacerum | a jagged opening between temporal bone and sphenoid process providing passage for many small nerves and for internal carotid artery to pass into middle cranial fossa |
| occpital bone | most posterior bone of cranium |
| lambdoidal suture | site of articulation of occipital bone & parietal bones |
| foramen magnum | large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain |
| occipital condyles | rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with first cervical vertebrae |
| hypoglossal canal | opening medial & superior to the occipital condyle through which the hypoglossal nerve passes |
| sphenoid bone | bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull |
| superior orbital fissures | jagged openings in orbits providing passage for cranial nerves to enter where serve eye |
| sella turcica | a saddle-shaped region in the spenoid midline |
| optic canals (optic foramina) | opening in the bases of the lesser wings through which the optic nerves enter the orbits to serve eyes |
| foramen rotundum | opening lateral to the sella turcica that allows passage of a branch of cranial nerve |
| foramen ovale | opening posterior to sella turcica that allows passage of branch of cranial nerve |
| foramen spinosum | located in the base of the skull, on the sphenoid bone, situated lateral to foramen ovale in a posterior angle |
| ethmoid bone | irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid |
| crista galli | vertical projection providing a point of attachment for dura mater |
| cribriform plate | bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to brain from nasal mucosa |
| mandible | the lower jawbone |
| mandibular condyle | articulation point of the mandible |
| coronoid process | (in mandibular) jutting anterior portion of the ramus; site of muscle attachment |
| maxillae | two bones fused in medial suture; form upper jawbone & parts of orbits |
| palatine processes | form the anterior hard palate |
| palatine bones | paired bones posterior to palatine process |
| zygomatic bones | lateral to the maxilla; forms portion of face called cheekbone |
| lacrimal bones | fingernail-sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between maxilla & ethmoid |
| vomer | blade-shaped bone in medial plane of nasal cavity |
| hyoid bone | located in the throat above the larynx |
| fetal skull | indentations between bones are fontanels |
| anterior fontanel | soft spot on top |
| posterior fontanel | soft spot on back |
| sphenoidal fontanel | soft spot above jaws |
| mastoid fontanel | soft spot in back of jaw |
Created by:
launawe
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