Help
Options
Question
Spinal Cord
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Meninges
Remaining cards (49)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Spinal Cord_Chp 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spinal Cord | Connects peripheral nerves and brain ; Superhighway of never tracts conducts sensory nerve impulses to brain and motor nerve impulses from brain to effectors;protected by vertebral column and meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and vertebral ligaments |
| Meninges | Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, pia mater |
| Vertebra/vertebral canal | most superficial; epidural space below |
| Dura Mater | Tube of dense irrecgular connective tissue forming a tough outer coverings; anchored to spinal cord at intervals by "denticulate ligaments"; keeps spinal cord in position during lateral movements |
| Arachnoid Mater | Middle "spider-web" layer, of thin collagen and elastic fibers; separated from dura mater by "Subdural Space"; contains interstitial fluid |
| Pia Mater | Innermost layer; adheres directly to spinal cord & brain; Many blood vessesl that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord; separated from arachnoid mater by subarachnoid space; contains cerebrospinal fluid (site of spinal tap from L3-L5) |
| Spaces | Epidural, Subdural, Subarachnoid |
| Epidural space | lies b/w the wall of the vertebral canal and the dura mater; contains fat and connective tissue to protect the spinal cord |
| Spinal Tap | Removal of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space b/w L3 and L5 |
| Superior End (cervical spinal cord) | Cervical enlargement (C4-T1); nerves serve upper limbs |
| Superior End (lumbar spinal cord) | Lumbar enlargement (T9-T12); nerves serve lower limbs |
| Inferior End (spinal cord) | Conus medullaris, Filum terminale, Cauda equina |
| Conus medullaris | Cone-shaped end of spinal cord inferior to lumbar enlargement |
| Filum terminale | Threadlike extension of pia mater arising from end of conus medullaris; Anchors spinal cord to coccyx, stabilizing cord |
| Cauda equina | "horse's tail"; roots of lowest spinal nerves |
| Internal Anatomy of spinal cord | divided into right and left sides by anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus |
| Gray matter | shaped like letter H; contains neuron cell bodies, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons and dendrites; intergrates/summates excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials |
| Gray commissure | contains central canal which extends length of spina cord; continus with 4th ventricle of brain |
| White commissure | connects white matter in right and left sides of cord |
| White matter | Consists of myelinated and unmyelinated axons of sensory, motor, and inter-neurons that make up nerve tracts; nerve tracts are bundled into columns |
| Ascending (SENSORY)tracts | conduct nerve implulses toward brain |
| Descending (MOTOR)tracts | conduct nerve impulses down toward effectors |
| Spinothalamic tract | begins in the spinal ford and ends in the thalamus of the brain |
| Corticospinal tract | begins in the motor cortex of the brain and carries motor impulses downward to the spinal cord spinal nerves |
| Spinal Nerve | 31 pairs, exits spinal cord via the intervertebral foramina; connected to the spinal cord via a dorsal/posterior and ventral/anterior root |
| Posterior/dorsal root | sensory axons; has a ganglion composed of cell bodies of sensory neurons |
| Ganglion | a cluster of neuron cell bodies outside the spinal cord in the peripheral nervous system |
| Anterior/ventral root | motor axons; no ganglion |
| Cervical Nerves | 8 pairs (C1-C8) |
| Thoracic Nerves | 12 pairs (T1-T12) |
| Lumbar Nerves | 5 pairs (L1-L5) |
| Sacral Nerves | 5 pairs (S1-S5) |
| Coccygeal Nerve | 1 pair |
| Nerve Plexus | divided spinal nerves into branches or ramus; cervical, brachial, lumbar, sarcal, coccygeal |
| Cervical plexus (C1-C5) | supplies skin and muscles of head, neck, superior portion of shoulders and chest, and diaphragm; Phernic nerve; damage to cord above C3 causes respiratory arrest |
| Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5) | innervates diaphragms ; part of cervical plexus |
| Brachial plexes | Supplies shoulder & upper limb ; injuries affect the sensations and movements of the upper limbs |
| Axillary nerve | deltoid & teres major ; part of brachical plexus |
| Musculocutaneous nerve | forearm flexors; part of brachical plexus |
| Radial nerve | shoulder and forearm extensors; part of brachical plexus |
| Median & ulnar nerve | flexors of wrist & hand; part of brachical plexus |
| Lumbar plexus | supplies abdominal wall, external genitals & anterior/medial thigh; injury to femoral nerve causes inability to extend leg & loss of sensation in thigh; injury to obturator nerve causes paralysis of thigh adductors |
| Sacral plexus | supplies buttocks, perineum & part of lower limb; sciatic nerve |
| Sciatic nerve (L4 to S3) | supplies posterior thigh and everything below kness; cosists of common fibular and tibial nerve; part of sacral plexus |
| Branches of sciatic nerve | at the knee nerve splits into the tibial nerve and behind knee commom fibular nerve; injury of common fibular nerve is foot drop and numbness; injury in tibial nerve is the loss of function on anterior leg and foot |
| Dermatomes | specific, predictable area of skin supplied by one spinal nerve; possible to locate damaged regions of spinal cord |
| Spinal Reflexes | arc passes through the spinal cord; responses are integrated in the gray matter of the spinal cord; brain does not direct the response |
| relex arc | simplest of nerve implulse patheays, containing only a few neurons; a receptor, a sensory neuron, and integration center, a motor neuron and an effector |
| stretch reflex | contraction of a skeletal muscle in response to stretching of the muscle, preventing overstrectching and heling maintain muscle tone |
| stretch reflex process | 1.stretching stimulates receptor in muscle; 2. sensory neuron sends message to gray matter spinal cord; 3.sensory neuron activate motor neuron and same time impulses to the antagonistic muscle are inhibited; 4.muscle activated; 5.muscle contracts |
Created by:
sweetlatrece
Popular Anatomy sets