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ANA 113 Lecture 37
Female Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary sex organs of the female reproductive system | Ovaries |
| Secondary sex organs of the female reproductive system | vagina, uterine tubes, uterus and mammary glands |
| Location of the ovaries | lateral wall of the abdominopelvic cavity, approximately at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine |
| Function of the ovaries | production of the mature ova, endocrine gland produces two hormones: estrogen and progesterone |
| Structure of the ovaries | small, almond shaped, not palpable. divided into a medulla and cortex |
| What does the medulla of the ovaries contain? | (central portion) nerves and blood vessels |
| What does the cortex of the ovaries contain? | thousands of "follicles" in various stages of development |
| primordial (primary) follicles | approximately 400,000 at birth (immature follicles- ova and surounding capsule) |
| Seconday follicles | second maturation stage |
| Graafian follicles | mature ova which rupture from surrounding follicle during ovulation |
| corpus luteum | "glandular" structure which develops from follicle after the ova has been extruded (secretes estrogen or progesterone) |
| corpus albicans | degenerated corpus luteum |
| Location of the uterine tubes | extend laterally from the uterus |
| Structure of the uterine tubes | muscular tube approximately 10 inches long, terminal (lateral) end is funnel shaped, has fingerlike projections called fimbriae |
| Function of the uterine tubes | communicate with the uterus (rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle), transport ova from ovaries to the uterus, site of fertilization |
| Why are females more likely to get pelvic inflamatory disease than males? | The fimbriaed ends of the uterine tubes open into the peritoneal cavity which allows for a direct connection between the female peritoneal cavity and the external environment |
| Location of the uterus | between the bladder and rectum, within the pelvic cavity, generally anteflexed (tilted slightly anteriorly) |
| Function of the uterus | provides site for implantation of fertilized ova, houses developing fetus, capible of contraction during delvery to aid in the birthing process |
| Structure of the uterus | hollow, pear-shaped organ, thick muscular walls, divided into three regions |
| What are the three regions of the uterus? | fundus, body and cervix |
| What three layers make up the uterine wall? | perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium |
| perimetrium | thin outer layer CT covering of the uterine wall |
| Myometrium | middle layer of the uterine wall, composed of smooth muscle |
| Endometrium | innermost layer of the uterine wall, "mucosal layer", divided into stratum funtionale and stratum basale |
| Stratum functionale | suferficial layer (closest to uterine cavity) this is the layer shed during menstration |
| Stratum basale | deep to the stratum functional, very vascular, regenerated to rebuild the layer of tissue shed during menstration |
| Location of the vagina | extends from the uterus to external orifice, posterior to bladder and urethra, anterior to rectum |
| Fornices | "spaces" formed by the protrusion of the cervix into the vagina |
| How many fornices are in the vagina? | 4-posterior, anterior and lateral (2) |
| Vaginal orifice | located between te urethral orifice and the anus |
| Hymen | membrane which may partially cover the vaginal orifice |
| Muscosal layer of the vaginal wall | innermost layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, mucous glands present which secrete "acidic" environment |
| Muscular layer of the vagina | composed of smooth muscle |
| Fibrous layer of the vagina | outermost layer, composed of CT |
| Vulva | external genitalia of the female |
| mons pubis | pad of adipose tissue, covers symphysis pubis |
| labia majora | thickened, longitudinal folds of skin which protect genitalia |
| labia minora | small folds of skin located medial to labia majora |
| clitoris | small rounded projection composed of erectile tissue, located anterior to urethral orifice |
| vestibule | region enclosed by labia minora, contains vaginal and urethral orifices |
| vestibular glands | (Bartolin's glands) secrete mucous into the vestibule to lubricate the vaginal canal |
| Perineum | triangular region bounded anteriorly by the pubic arch, posteriorly by the coccyx and laterally by the ischiopubic rami. |
| Pelvic diaphragm | muscles of the perineum that form the floor of the pelvis |
| What two triangluar shaped regions can the perineum be divided into? | urogenital triangle (contains external genetalia) and the anal triangle (contains the anus) |
| Mammary glands | modified sweat glands and adipose tissue |
| Position of the mammary glands | overlies pectoralis major (superficial), extends from rib 2 to rub 6 |
| Lobes (of mammary glands) | glandular tissue seperated by adipose tissue |
| Lobules | composed of alveoli, suspensory ligament and lactiferous duct |
| Alveoli (of mammary gland) | glandular sacs which secrete milk |
| suspensory ligaments of cooper | CT which support the brest |
| lactiferous duct | caries milk from gland to nipple |
| Nipple | approximately at level of the T4 (dermatomal level), areolar= dark pigmented region |
| lymphatic drianage of the mammary glands | 75% of lymph drains towards axillary nodes (laterally) |
Created by:
Kachmiel
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