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the primary motor area in the _____ lobe is invloved in the initiation of voluntary movements.
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What are ganglia?
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Ch. 7 neuro
Mrs. Bailey's class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the primary motor area in the _____ lobe is invloved in the initiation of voluntary movements. | Frontal |
| What are ganglia? | collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS (Control Nervous System) |
| specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS (peripheral nervous system | schwann cells |
| fiber types in the dorsal root | afferent(sensory) |
| the right cerebral hemisphere recieves sensory input from the _____ side of the body? | left |
| Nervous system subdivision that is composed of cranial, spinal nerves and ganglia. | peripheral nervous system |
| what would hapen if the ventral root of a spinal nerve were damaged or transected(sliced in two) | loss of sensory function |
| generally conducts impulses away from the cell body | axon |
| sensory receptors found in muscle and tendons that detect their degree of stretch | proprioceptors |
| a(n) ______ EEG is evidence of clinical death | flat |
| What would happen if the anterior ramus of a spinal nerve were damaged or transected (sliced in half) | loss of both motor and sensory function |
| Muscle sensations when rowing a boat | golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle |
| another name for a bundle of nerve fibers | ganglia |
| able to divide; therefore are responsible for most brain neoplasms | neuroglia |
| conducts electrcal currents toward the cell body | dendrite |
| fiber type(s) in the ventral root | efferent (motor) |
| the cavities found in the brain are called? | ventricles |
| nervous system subdivision that is composed of the brain and the spinal cord | central nervous system |
| other than the cerebrum, the other major subdivisions of the brain are the ______ and the ______ | brain stem and the cerebellem |
| nerves carrying both sensory and motor fibers are called? | spinal or mixed |
| neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons.` | efferent neuron |
| what is the procedure where the meninges (which cover the spinal cord) extend more inferiorly to form a sac from which cererospinal fluid can be withdrawn without damage to the spinbal cord? | spinal tap |
| what cranial nerve(s) are involved in smiling? | six (VII) |
| what autoimmune disorder with extensive demyelination? | multiple sclerosis |
| damage to the _____ impairs conciousness and the awake/sleep cycles. | reticular activating system |
| progressive degeneration of the brain with abnormal protien deposits | alzheimer's disease |
| what releases nearotransmitters? | axonal terminal |
| process where ATP is used to move sodium out and pottasium iona in- restores resting conditions of the neuron | sodium pottasium pump |
| what are activated when leaning on a shovel? | pacinian corpuscle (deep pressure receptor) |
| chief positive intracellular oin in a resting neuron | pottasium ions |
| what part of the brain controls the drives(anger, emotion) and the regulation of water balance and body temperature | hypothalamus |
| nerves carrying just sensory fibers are reffered to as sensory or _____ nerves | afferent |
| list IN ORDER elements in a reflex arc (from stimulus through effector organ) | stimulus, sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector organ |
| what is the refractory period? | period of repolariization of the neuron during which cannot respond to second stimulus |
| sensory reseptors found in the skin which are specialized to detect temperature, pressure changes and pain | cutaneus sense organs |
| neuron that conducts impulses awayfrom the CNS to muscles and glands | efferent neuron |
| what are activated when walking on hot pavement? | bare nerve endings and pacinian corpuscle (deep pressure receptor) |
| somatic or autonomic? regulation of blood pressure | autonomic |
| what are ganglion? | collection of nerve cell bodies found outside CNS |
| somatic or autonomic? flexor reflex | somatic |
| a specialized motor speech are located at the base of the precentral gyrus is called _____ area? | broca area |
| a ministroke; fleeting symptoms of a CVA | transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
| what are activated by feeling a caress? | meissner corpuscle (touch receptor) |
| junction or point of close contact between neurons | synapse |
| fiber type(s) in a spinal nerve | afferent(sensory) and efferent (motor) |
| somatic or autonomic? | pupillary light reflex |
| what does the cerebellum do? | responsible for regulation of posture and coordination of skeletal muscle movements. Major subdiviions of brain |
| what are amitotic? neurons or neuroglia? | neurons |
| results when a brain region is deprived of blood or exposed to prolonged ischemia | cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
| what inscreases the speed of impulse transmission? | myelin sheath |
| after head surgery, retension of water by brain | cerebral edema |
| what is cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? | may cause medulla oblongata to be wedged into foramen magnum by pressure of blood |
| neuron type(s) in a dorsal root ganglion | afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) |
| what would happen if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were damages or transected (sliced in two) | loss of motor function (efferent) |
| subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles | somatic nervous system |
| somatic or autonomic? Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex | somatic |
| what does the thalamus do? | important relay station for afferent fibers traveling to the sensory cortex for interpretation, encloses third ventricle, and if damaged, impairs conciousness and awake/ sleep cycles |
| beta waves are recorded when an individual is awake and _____ | active |
| what is a tract? | bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS |
| what is stimuli | changes occuring within or outside the body, that affect nervous system functioning |
| what cranial nerve(s) are involved in slowing the heart or oncreases the mobility of the digestive tract? | 10th (vagus nerve) |
| outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue | dura mater |
| innermost covering of the brain; delicate and vascular | pia mater |
| what cranial nerve(s) are involved in raising the eyelids? | cranial nerve three |
| what cranial nerve(s) is involved in smelling a flower? | cranial nerve 1 (olfactory nerve) |
| what cranial nerve is involved in shrugging the shoulders? | 11 |
| structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses | arachnoid villi |
| middle meningeal layer; like a cobweb in structure | arachnoid membrane |
| its outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull | dura mater |
| what are the pons? | they contain reflex centers involved in regulating respiratory rhythm in conjunction with lower brain- stem centers |
| what causes a slight and transient brain injury? | concussion |
| neuron type(s) found in the ventral horn? | efferent (motor) |
| the tail-like collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord is called the? | cuada equina |
| what is an afferent neuron? | neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery |
| what are neurotransmitters? | chemical released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glads |
| what cranial nerve(s) are involved in chewing food? | the trigemenial nerve (V) |
| the largest part of the brain is the (paired) _____? | cerebrum |
| somatic or autonomic? salivary reflex | autonomic |
| location of the nucleus (in the neuron) | cell body |
| neurons or neuroglia? releases neurotransmitters | neurons |
| what occurs in repolarization? | period during which potasium ions diffuse out of the membrane |
| neuron type(s) found in the dorsal horn | afferent (sensory) |
| what occurs in depolarization? | state in which resting potential is reversed as sodium ions rush into the neuron |
| what does polarized mean? | it's the electrical condition of the plasma membrane of a resting neuron |
| the ventricles contain the _____? | cerebrospinal fluid |
| of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves that arise from the spinal cord, how many pairs are in SACRAL nerves? | 5 |
| of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord, how any pairs are in LUMBAR nerves? | 12 |
| subdivision of the PNS tat regulates the activity of the hear and smooth muscle, and of the glands; it is also called the involuntary nervous system | autonomic nervous system |
| the primary sensory area of the cerebral hemispere is found in the _____ gyrus | postcentral |
| what are the 3 major functions of the nervous system? | 1- uses millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes inside and outside the body 2- processes and interprets sensory input to make decisions about what should be done at each moment 3- activates muscles or glands as response |
| neurons or neuroglia? support, insulate and protect cells | neuroglia |
| total non-responsiveness to stimulation | coma |
| somatic or autonomic effector are smooth muscle glands | autonomic |
| demonstrates irritability and conductivity and thus transmit electrical messages from one area of the body to another area | neurons |
| the _____ is an elevated ridge of cerebral cortex tissue | gyri |
| the convolutions seen in the cerebrum are important because they increase the ______ | surface area |
| the lentiform nucleus, the cuadate, and other nuclei are collectively called the _____ | basal ganglia |
| what does the medulla oblongata do? | contains autonomic centers, which regulate blood pressure and respiratory rhythm, as well as coughing and sneezing centers |
| the spinal cord extends from the _____ of the skull to the ____ region of the vertebral column | base, sacral |
| white matter is composed of? | myelinated fibers |
| cortical area involved in audition (hearing) are found in the ____ lobe? | temporal |
| somatic or autonomic? effectors are the skeletal muscles | somatic |
| what is a contusion? | traumatic injury that destroys brain tissue |
| what are the nodes of ranvier? | gaps in the myelin sheath |
| of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord, how many pairs are CERVICAL nerves? | 8 |
| a major subdivision of the nervous system that interprets oncoming information and issue orders | Central Nervous System (CNS) |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord? | 31 |
| gray matter is composed of? | cell bodies |
| a major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as communication lines, LINKING al parts of the body to the CNS | Peripheral Nervous system (PNS) |
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aleena_west
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