Mrs. Bailey's class
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| the primary motor area in the _____ lobe is invloved in the initiation of voluntary movements. | Frontal
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| What are ganglia? | collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS (Control Nervous System)
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| specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS (peripheral nervous system | schwann cells
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| fiber types in the dorsal root | afferent(sensory)
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| the right cerebral hemisphere recieves sensory input from the _____ side of the body? | left
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| Nervous system subdivision that is composed of cranial, spinal nerves and ganglia. | peripheral nervous system
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| what would hapen if the ventral root of a spinal nerve were damaged or transected(sliced in two) | loss of sensory function
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| generally conducts impulses away from the cell body | axon
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| sensory receptors found in muscle and tendons that detect their degree of stretch | proprioceptors
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| a(n) ______ EEG is evidence of clinical death | flat
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| What would happen if the anterior ramus of a spinal nerve were damaged or transected (sliced in half) | loss of both motor and sensory function
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| Muscle sensations when rowing a boat | golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle
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| another name for a bundle of nerve fibers | ganglia
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| able to divide; therefore are responsible for most brain neoplasms | neuroglia
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| conducts electrcal currents toward the cell body | dendrite
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| fiber type(s) in the ventral root | efferent (motor)
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| the cavities found in the brain are called? | ventricles
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| nervous system subdivision that is composed of the brain and the spinal cord | central nervous system
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| other than the cerebrum, the other major subdivisions of the brain are the ______ and the ______ | brain stem and the cerebellem
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| nerves carrying both sensory and motor fibers are called? | spinal or mixed
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| neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons.` | efferent neuron
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| what is the procedure where the meninges (which cover the spinal cord) extend more inferiorly to form a sac from which cererospinal fluid can be withdrawn without damage to the spinbal cord? | spinal tap
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| what cranial nerve(s) are involved in smiling? | six (VII)
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| what autoimmune disorder with extensive demyelination? | multiple sclerosis
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| damage to the _____ impairs conciousness and the awake/sleep cycles. | reticular activating system
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| progressive degeneration of the brain with abnormal protien deposits | alzheimer's disease
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| what releases nearotransmitters? | axonal terminal
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| process where ATP is used to move sodium out and pottasium iona in- restores resting conditions of the neuron | sodium pottasium pump
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| what are activated when leaning on a shovel? | pacinian corpuscle (deep pressure receptor)
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| chief positive intracellular oin in a resting neuron | pottasium ions
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| what part of the brain controls the drives(anger, emotion) and the regulation of water balance and body temperature | hypothalamus
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| nerves carrying just sensory fibers are reffered to as sensory or _____ nerves | afferent
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| list IN ORDER elements in a reflex arc (from stimulus through effector organ) | stimulus, sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector organ
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| what is the refractory period? | period of repolariization of the neuron during which cannot respond to second stimulus
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| sensory reseptors found in the skin which are specialized to detect temperature, pressure changes and pain | cutaneus sense organs
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| neuron that conducts impulses awayfrom the CNS to muscles and glands | efferent neuron
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| what are activated when walking on hot pavement? | bare nerve endings and pacinian corpuscle (deep pressure receptor)
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| somatic or autonomic? regulation of blood pressure | autonomic
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| what are ganglion? | collection of nerve cell bodies found outside CNS
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| somatic or autonomic? flexor reflex | somatic
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| a specialized motor speech are located at the base of the precentral gyrus is called _____ area? | broca area
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| a ministroke; fleeting symptoms of a CVA | transient ischemic attack (TIA)
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| what are activated by feeling a caress? | meissner corpuscle (touch receptor)
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| junction or point of close contact between neurons | synapse
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| fiber type(s) in a spinal nerve | afferent(sensory) and efferent (motor)
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| somatic or autonomic? | pupillary light reflex
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| what does the cerebellum do? | responsible for regulation of posture and coordination of skeletal muscle movements. Major subdiviions of brain
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| what are amitotic? neurons or neuroglia? | neurons
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| results when a brain region is deprived of blood or exposed to prolonged ischemia | cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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| what inscreases the speed of impulse transmission? | myelin sheath
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| after head surgery, retension of water by brain | cerebral edema
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| what is cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? | may cause medulla oblongata to be wedged into foramen magnum by pressure of blood
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| neuron type(s) in a dorsal root ganglion | afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)
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| what would happen if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were damages or transected (sliced in two) | loss of motor function
(efferent)
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| subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles | somatic nervous system
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| somatic or autonomic? Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex | somatic
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| what does the thalamus do? | important relay station for afferent fibers traveling to the sensory cortex for interpretation, encloses third ventricle, and if damaged, impairs conciousness and awake/ sleep cycles
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| beta waves are recorded when an individual is awake and _____ | active
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| what is a tract? | bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS
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| what is stimuli | changes occuring within or outside the body, that affect nervous system functioning
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| what cranial nerve(s) are involved in slowing the heart or oncreases the mobility of the digestive tract? | 10th (vagus nerve)
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| outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue | dura mater
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| innermost covering of the brain; delicate and vascular | pia mater
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| what cranial nerve(s) are involved in raising the eyelids? | cranial nerve three
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| what cranial nerve(s) is involved in smelling a flower? | cranial nerve 1 (olfactory nerve)
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| what cranial nerve is involved in shrugging the shoulders? | 11
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| structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses | arachnoid villi
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| middle meningeal layer; like a cobweb in structure | arachnoid membrane
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| its outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull | dura mater
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| what are the pons? | they contain reflex centers involved in regulating respiratory rhythm in conjunction with lower brain- stem centers
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| what causes a slight and transient brain injury? | concussion
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| neuron type(s) found in the ventral horn? | efferent (motor)
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| the tail-like collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord is called the? | cuada equina
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| what is an afferent neuron? | neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery
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| what are neurotransmitters? | chemical released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glads
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| what cranial nerve(s) are involved in chewing food? | the trigemenial nerve (V)
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| the largest part of the brain is the (paired) _____? | cerebrum
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| somatic or autonomic? salivary reflex | autonomic
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| location of the nucleus (in the neuron) | cell body
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| neurons or neuroglia? releases neurotransmitters | neurons
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| what occurs in repolarization? | period during which potasium ions diffuse out of the membrane
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| neuron type(s) found in the dorsal horn | afferent (sensory)
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| what occurs in depolarization? | state in which resting potential is reversed as sodium ions rush into the neuron
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| what does polarized mean? | it's the electrical condition of the plasma membrane of a resting neuron
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| the ventricles contain the _____? | cerebrospinal fluid
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| of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves that arise from the spinal cord, how many pairs are in SACRAL nerves? | 5
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| of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord, how any pairs are in LUMBAR nerves? | 12
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| subdivision of the PNS tat regulates the activity of the hear and smooth muscle, and of the glands; it is also called the involuntary nervous system | autonomic nervous system
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| the primary sensory area of the cerebral hemispere is found in the _____ gyrus | postcentral
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| what are the 3 major functions of the nervous system? | 1- uses millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes inside and outside the body 2- processes and interprets sensory input to make decisions about what should be done at each moment 3- activates muscles or glands as response
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| neurons or neuroglia? support, insulate and protect cells | neuroglia
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| total non-responsiveness to stimulation | coma
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| somatic or autonomic effector are smooth muscle glands | autonomic
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| demonstrates irritability and conductivity and thus transmit electrical messages from one area of the body to another area | neurons
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| the _____ is an elevated ridge of cerebral cortex tissue | gyri
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| the convolutions seen in the cerebrum are important because they increase the ______ | surface area
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| the lentiform nucleus, the cuadate, and other nuclei are collectively called the _____ | basal ganglia
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| what does the medulla oblongata do? | contains autonomic centers, which regulate blood pressure and respiratory rhythm, as well as coughing and sneezing centers
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| the spinal cord extends from the _____ of the skull to the ____ region of the vertebral column | base, sacral
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| white matter is composed of? | myelinated fibers
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| cortical area involved in audition (hearing) are found in the ____ lobe? | temporal
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| somatic or autonomic? effectors are the skeletal muscles | somatic
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| what is a contusion? | traumatic injury that destroys brain tissue
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| what are the nodes of ranvier? | gaps in the myelin sheath
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| of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord, how many pairs are CERVICAL nerves? | 8
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| a major subdivision of the nervous system that interprets oncoming information and issue orders | Central Nervous System (CNS)
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| how many pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord? | 31
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| gray matter is composed of? | cell bodies
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| a major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as communication lines, LINKING al parts of the body to the CNS | Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)
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