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Muscle
Triceps brachii
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Anconeus
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Elbow, wrist, hand
Muscles and movements
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Movement | Joint | Misc. Info |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triceps brachii | Infraglenoid tubercle (long); proximal posterolateral humerus (lateral); distal posteromedial humerus (medial) | Olecranon process of ulna (common tendon) | Shoulder extension; elbow extension | Elbow (posterior) | Primary elbow extensor |
| Anconeus | Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Olecranon process (lateral) | Extension | Elbow (posterior) | Synergist (not a great mechanical advantage); fan-shape/broad attachment at ulna |
| Pronator teres | Medial epicondyle of humerus (humeral); coronoid process of ulna (ulnar) | Middle lateral radius | Pronation; assists with elbow flexion | Forearm (anterior, superficial) | Under brachioradialis |
| Palmaris Longus | Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) | Palmar aponeurosis | Assists with wrist flexion | Forearm (anterior, superficial) | Absent in ~25%; runs superior to carpal tunnel; animals have to expose claws |
| Flexor carpi radialis | Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) | Base of 2nd metacarpal; base of 3rd metacarpal | Wrist flexion, radial deviation | Forearm (anterior, superficial) | Palpate during wrist and MCP/IP flexion; lateral to palmaris longus |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris | Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon); proximal posterior elna | Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal | Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation | Forearm (anterior, superficial) | |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis | Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), ulna, radius, interosseous membrane | Middle phalanx of 4 fingers (splits) | Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5; assists with wrist flexion | Forearm (anterior, deep) | Each insertion splits at proximal phalanx and attaches to sides to create opening that allows flexor digitorum profundus to go through to attach to distal phalanx |
| Flexor digitorum profundus | Ulna, interosseous membrane | Distal phalanx of fingers 2-5 | Flexion of DIP joints; assists in flexion of PIP and MCP joints; assists with wrist flexion | Forearm (anterior, deep) | Palpate proximal-anterior forearm during IP flexion; directly under flexor digitorum superficialis |
| Flexor pollicis longus | Middle anterior radius, interosseous membrane | Distal phalanx of thumb | Flexion of thumb IP and MCP joint | Forearm (anterior, deep) | Long muscle that flexes thumb (pollyx); runs through flexor retinaculum |
| Pronator quadratus | Distal anterior ulna | Distal anterior radius | Pronation (principal) | Forearm (deepest anterior) | Only muscle that only attaches to radius and ulna |
| External carpi radialis longus/brevis | Lateral supracondylar ridge (lower 1/3) (longus); lateral epicondyle of humerus (brevis) | Base of 2nd metacarpal (longus); base of 3rd metacarpal (brevis) | Wrist extension/hyperextension; radial deviation | Forearm (posterior, superficial) | External carpi radialis longus originates just distally to brachioradialis; both insert directly opposite flexor carpi radialis |
| Extensor digitorum | Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) | Middle and distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 | Extends fingers | Forearm (posterior, superficial) | Pop out during wrist/finger extension |
| Extensor digiti minimi | Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) | Middle and distal phalanges of little finger (5) | Extension of all joints of pinky | Forearm (posterior, superficial) | |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris | Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) | Base of 5th metacarpal | Wrist extension; ulnar deviation | Forearm (posterior, superficial) | Inserts directly opposite flexor carpi ulnaris; distal tendon runs through groove between ulnar head and styloid |
| Supinator | Lateral epicondyle of humerus; proximal posterolateral ulna | Anterolateral proximal radius | Supination | Forearm (posterior, deep) | Wraps around radius |
| Abductor pollicis longus | Posterior radius and ulna, interosseous membrane | Base of 1st metacarpal | Abduction and extension of 1st CMC joint | Forearm (posterior, deep) | Forms anatomical snuffbox (lateral/radial), more superior |
| Extensor pollicis brevis | Posterior radius, interosseous membrane | Proximal phalanx of thumb (directly beneath abductor pollicis longus) | Extension of 1st MCP joint | Forearm (posterior, deep) | Forms anatomical snuffbox (lateral/radial) |
| Extensor pollicis longus | Posterior ulna, interosseous membrane | Distal phalanx of thumb | Thumb extension | Forearm (posterior, deep) | Forms anatomical snuffbox (medial/ulnar) |
| Extensor indicis | Posterior ulna, interosseous membrane | Extensor expansion of "index" finger (connective tissue to all 3 phalanges) | Extension of joint of index finger | Forearm (posterior, deep) | |
| Biceps brachii | Scapula | Radial tuberosity | Shoulder flexion; elbow flexion; radioulnar supination | Elbow (anterior) | Most powerful supinator; no attachment at humerus |
| Brachilais | Distal anterior humerus (coracobrachialis insertion) | Ulnar tuberosity | Elbow flexion | Elbow (anterior) | Immediately beneath biceps brachii; most powerful elbow flexor (biomechanical advantage) |
| Brachioradialis | Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (proximal 2/3) | Radial styloid (long tendon) | Elbow flexion | Elbow (anterior) | Palpate during resisted flexion; no significant action at elbow; stabilize elbow during rapid midrange flexion |
Created by:
ktpognc
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