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MT Chap7 Respiratory
med terms, anatomy, patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anoxia | the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissues |
| Aphonia | loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds |
| Apnea | absence of spontaneous respiration |
| Asphyxia | condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function |
| Aspiration pneumonia | develops when a foreign substance such as vomit is inhaled into the lungs |
| Asthma | a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing |
| Atelectasis | condition in which the lung fails to expand completely because of shallow breathing or because the air passages are blocked |
| Bradypnea | abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute |
| Bronchoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi with the use of a bronchoscope |
| Bronchospasm | contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure - machine push air to cause the tongue to go forward to maintain an open airway |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of alternating periods of slow breathing and the absence of breathing that are followed by rapid breathing |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which is usually both chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| Croup | acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by the obstruction of the larynx, coarseness and a barking cough |
| CF - Cystic fibrosis | genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucous |
| Diphtheria | acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract |
| Dysphonia | any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boys voice in puberty |
| Dyspnea | difficulty or labor breathing, also known as shortness of breath |
| Emphysema | progressive loss of lung function that is commonly attributed to long-term smoking |
| Empyema | accumulation of puss or infective fluid in the pleural cavity |
| Endotracheal intubation | the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to maintain an open airway |
| Epistaxis | bleeding from the nose, that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders |
| Exhalation | breathing out as diaphragm relaxes |
| External Respiration | exchange of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli |
| Internal Respiration | exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood stream and body cells, tissues, organs |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up of blood or blood stain sputum |
| Hemothorax | collection of blood in the pleural cavity |
| Hypercapnia | abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Hyperpnea | increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements |
| Hypopnea | shallow or slow respiration |
| Hypoxemia | condition of having below normal oxygen level in the blood |
| Hypoxia | condition of having below normal oxygen levels in the body tissue and cells - less severe than anoxia |
| Inhalation | take in air as the diaphragm contracts |
| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| Laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx, with the use of the laryngoscope |
| Mediastinum | cavity located between the lungs that surrounds and protects the heart, its veins and arteries, and the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, thymus gland and lymph nodes |
| Nebulizer | pumps air or oxygen through liquid medicine to turn it into vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a facemask or mouthpiece |
| Otolaryngologist | physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck |
| Pertussis | contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract, also known as whooping cough |
| Pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx, also know as a sore throat |
| Pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath |
| Pneumothorax | accumulation of air in the plural space, causing a pressure imbalance that can make the lung collapse |
| Polysomnography | (AKA sleep apnea study) a diagnostic test that measures physiological activity during sleep |
| Pulmonologist | a specialist in diagnosing and treating illnesses of the lungs and associated tissues |
| Pulse oximeter | external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood |
| Pyothorax | an accumulation of puss or fluid in the pleural cavity |
| Sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses |
| Tachypnea | an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually >20 breaths per minute |
| Thoracentesis | the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to remove the fluid from the pleural cavity |
| Tracheostomy | creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to facilitate the passage of air or removal of secretions |
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