med terms, anatomy, patho
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| Anoxia | the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissues
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| Aphonia | loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
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| Apnea | absence of spontaneous respiration
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| Asphyxia | condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function
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| Aspiration pneumonia | develops when a foreign substance such as vomit is inhaled into the lungs
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| Asthma | a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing
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| Atelectasis | condition in which the lung fails to expand completely because of shallow breathing or because the air passages are blocked
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| Bradypnea | abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute
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| Bronchoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi with the use of a bronchoscope
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| Bronchospasm | contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut
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| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure - machine push air to cause the tongue to go forward to maintain an open airway
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of alternating periods of slow breathing and the absence of breathing that are followed by rapid breathing
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which is usually both chronic bronchitis and emphysema
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| Croup | acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by the obstruction of the larynx, coarseness and a barking cough
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| CF - Cystic fibrosis | genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucous
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| Diphtheria | acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract
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| Dysphonia | any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boys voice in puberty
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| Dyspnea | difficulty or labor breathing, also known as shortness of breath
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| Emphysema | progressive loss of lung function that is commonly attributed to long-term smoking
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| Empyema | accumulation of puss or infective fluid in the pleural cavity
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| Endotracheal intubation | the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to maintain an open airway
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| Epistaxis | bleeding from the nose, that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders
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| Exhalation | breathing out as diaphragm relaxes
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| External Respiration | exchange of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli
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| Internal Respiration | exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood stream and body cells, tissues, organs
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| Hemoptysis | coughing up of blood or blood stain sputum
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| Hemothorax | collection of blood in the pleural cavity
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| Hypercapnia | abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| Hyperpnea | increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements
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| Hypopnea | shallow or slow respiration
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| Hypoxemia | condition of having below normal oxygen level in the blood
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| Hypoxia | condition of having below normal oxygen levels in the body tissue and cells - less severe than anoxia
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| Inhalation | take in air as the diaphragm contracts
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| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx
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| Laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx, with the use of the laryngoscope
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| Mediastinum | cavity located between the lungs that surrounds and protects the heart, its veins and arteries, and the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, thymus gland and lymph nodes
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| Nebulizer | pumps air or oxygen through liquid medicine to turn it into vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a facemask or mouthpiece
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| Otolaryngologist | physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck
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| Pertussis | contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract, also known as whooping cough
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| Pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx, also know as a sore throat
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| Pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath
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| Pneumothorax | accumulation of air in the plural space, causing a pressure imbalance that can make the lung collapse
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| Polysomnography | (AKA sleep apnea study) a diagnostic test that measures physiological activity during sleep
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| Pulmonologist | a specialist in diagnosing and treating illnesses of the lungs and associated tissues
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| Pulse oximeter | external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood
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| Pyothorax | an accumulation of puss or fluid in the pleural cavity
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| Sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses
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| Tachypnea | an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually >20 breaths per minute
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| Thoracentesis | the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to remove the fluid from the pleural cavity
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| Tracheostomy | creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to facilitate the passage of air or removal of secretions
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