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HHP 4/13
CHAPTER 14 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| transports excess tissue fluid to bloodstream | lymphatic system |
| lymphatic system | absorbs fats |
| helps defend body against disease causing agents | lymphatic system |
| lymphatic pathways | capillaries vessels trunks/collecting ducts |
| lymphatic capillaries | microscopic receive lymph through own thin walls |
| closed-ended tubes extend into interstitial spaces | lymphatic capillaries |
| lymphatic vessels | similar to veins, only thinner & valves prevent backflow of lymph |
| lead to lymph nodes & merge into lymphatic trunk | larger lymphatic vessels |
| lymphatic collecting duct | join subclavian veins |
| lymphatic trunks | lead to 2 collecting ducts |
| thoracic & right lymphatic ducts | 2 collecting ducts of lymphatic trunks |
| lymph physiology | returns protein molecules to bloodstream & transports foreign particles to lymph nodes |
| lymph formation | increased pressure in interstitial space force tissue fluid into lymphatic capillaries fluid=lymph |
| tissue fluid origin | blood plasma |
| lacks large proteins small proteins filtered out blood capillaries to interstitial spaces | tissue fluid |
| as protein concentration of tissue fluid increases, colloid osmotic pressure increases | tissue fluid formation |
| lymph under low pressure | no flow ready w/o external aid |
| lymph movement | contraction of skeletal muscles |
| contraction of smooth muscle in walls of large lymphatic trunks | lymph movement |
| lymph movement | low pressure in thorax by breathing movements |
| lymph node structure | subdivided into nodules |
| nodules | contain masses of lymphocytes & macrophages |
| lymph node location | aggregate in groups/chains along paths of larger lymphatic vessels |
| lymph node physiology | filter harmful foreign particles from lymph |
| center for production of lymphocytes & contain phagocytic cells | lymph node physiology |
| thymus | lymphatic tissue subdivided into lobules |
| slowly shrinks after puberty | thymus |
| some lymphocytes leave ____ & provide immunity | thymus |
| spleen | resembles large lymph node subdivided into lobules |
| spaces within splenic lobules are filled with ____ | blood |
| contains many macrophages, filter foreign particles & damaged red blood cells from blood | spleen |
| body defenses against infection | body has innate & adaptive defenses against infection |
| innate nonspecific defenses | species resistance mechanical & chemical barriers natural killer cells inflammation phagocytosis fever |
| fever | high body temp= decrease in blood iron level & increase in phagocytic activity hamper infection |
| neutorphils & monocytes | most active phagocytes in blood |
| monocytes | give rise to macrophages, remain fixed in tissues |
| phagocytic cells association | linings of blood vessels in bone marrow liver, spleen, lungs, lymph nodes |
| phagocytes | remove foreign particles from tissue & body fluids |
| inflammation | tissue response to injury/infection |
| localized redness,swelling,heat,pain | inflammation |
| chemicals released by damaged tissue attract ____ to site | WBC |
| connective tissue forms sac around injured tissue & block spread of ____ | pathogens |
| natural killer cells | secrete perforins |
| perforins | destroy cancer cells & cells infected w/ viruses |
| species resistance | each species is resistant to certain diseases that affect other species |
| mechanical barriers | block entrance of pathogens |
| skin & mucous membranes | mechanical barriers |
| activation of complement proteins in plasma stimulate | inflammation attract phagocytes enhance phagocytosis |
| enzymes in gastric juice & tears kill ____ | pathogens |
| interferons | chemical barrier |
| stimulate unifected cells to synthesize antiviral proteins stimulating phagocytosis | interferons |
| interferons | block proliferation of viruses |
| enhance activity of cells that help resist infections | interferons |
| stifle tumor growth | interferons |
| adaptive specific defenses/immunity | antigens lymphocyte T cells-cellular immune response B cells-humoral immune response antibody immune responses immunity allergic reactions transplantation tissue rejection autoimmunity |
| before birth, body cells inventory ___ & other large molecules | self proteins |
| lymphocytes self antigens | after inventory, _____ develop receptors allow differentiation of nonself & ____ |
| nonself antigens | combine w/ T&B cell surface receptors & stimulate these cells to cause immune reaction |
| haptens | small molecules can combine w/ larger ones, =antigenic |
Created by:
virg
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