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Samsam 101
Directional terms, planes, and bone structures
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Frontal/Coronal | Separates chest and back |
Sagittal | Separates left and right |
Midsagittal | Separates left and right symmetrically |
Parasagittal | Separates left and right asymmetrically |
Transverse | Separates top and bottom |
Oblique | Separates along undefined axis |
Proximal | Closer to the torso |
Midline | Divides humans symmetrically |
Medial | Closer to the midline |
Lateral | Closer to the surface |
Superior | Higher |
Inferior | Lower |
Anterior | Front |
Posterior | Back |
Dorsal | Back |
Ventral | Belly |
Cranial | Towards head end |
Caudal | Towards foot end |
Ipsilateral | Same side |
Contralateral | Opposite side |
Superficial | Near the surface |
Deep | Far from the surface |
Flat bone examples | Cranium, pelvis, sternum, ribs, scapula |
Sesamoid bone examples | Patella (kneecap) |
Irregular bone examples | Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx |
Foramen | Opening |
Sulcus | Superficial groove |
Fissure | Deep groove |
Fossa | Hollow area or depression |
Meatus | Canal |
Process | Tissue projection or outgrowth |
Condyle | Round, bulbous end of a bone |
Facet | Smooth surface |
Head | Bigger bulb on the end of a long bone |
Crest | Ridge |
Epicondyle | Round bulbous structure on distal end of bone |
Line | I hope you knew this one |
Spinous process | Backward and down facing outgrowths on vertebrae |
Trochanter | Bone outgrowth on femur opposite to head |
Tubercle | Small wart or outgrowth on bone generally for muscle insertion |
Tuberosity | Projection or protuberance, especially for muscle attachment on a bone |
Origin | Relative location; for muscles, the point where support is derived |
Insertion | The end of a muscle used for manipulation |