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Schleiden and Schwann
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Tcc Crossland ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | The smallest living unit in the human body |
| Schleiden and Schwann | In 1838 Schleiden formulated the cell theory for plants. In 1839 Schwann formulate the cell theory for animals. |
| Cell Theory | *All organisms are composed of cells *All cells com from other cells *all chemicals reactions of living organisms take place within cells *Cells contain the hereditary factors |
| Plasma membrane | *surrounds the outside of the cytoplasum *composed of phospholipids membrane proteins and other compunds |
| Cytoplasm | general term for all the material inside the cell |
| Cytosol | Fluid component of cytoplasm; may contain inclusions of insoluble materials Functions - Distruibutes materials by diffusion; stores glycogen, pigments and other materials |
| Organelles | structures withing the cytoplasm that have a particular function and very distinct structure |
| Ribosomes | RNA + Proteins; fixes ribosomes bound to rough endoplasmic reticlum, free ribosomes scattered in cytoplasm function - Protein Synthesis |
| Protein Synthesis | |
| Surface area and volume | |
| Nucleus | is an organelle surrounded by a double membrane with numerous openings functions - hereditary information, produce mRNA molecules that serve as templates for proteins synthesis, synthesis or ribosomal suuniths |
| Nuclear envelope and pores | nuclear envelope - double membrane nuclear pores - numerous openings on the nucleus |
| nucleolus | |
| Mitochondrion | Double membrane, with inner membrane folds (criste) enclosing metabolic enzymes function - produces 95 percent of ATP required by the cell |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Network of membranous channels extending though out the cytoplasm Function - synthesis of secretory products; intracellular storage and transport |
| Rough and Smooth ER | Rough - has ribosomes bound to membranes fuction modification and packagin of newly synthesized proteins Smooth - lacks ribosomes functions - lipid, steroids, and carbohydrates synthesis; calcium ion storage |
| Golgi apparatus/Complex | Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers Functions - Storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes |
| lysosome | Vesicles containing digestive enzymes functions - intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens |
| peroxisome | Vesicles containing degradative enzymes functions - catabloism of fats and other organic compounded; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process |
| vacuole | |
| cytoskeletion | The internal protein framework that gives the cytoplasm strength and flexibility Function - Strength and support; moement of celluar structures and materials |
| cilia and flagella | nine groupos of long microtubule doublets form a cylinder around a central pair propels fluids or solids across cell surface or with flagella propels sperm cells though fluid |
| cytoplasmic streaming | |
| dynein and kinesin | are tiny cellular motors that move substances along elements of the cytoskeleton. they also move cytoskeletal elements past each other |
| tight junctions | |
| Communicating (Gap)junctions | |
| Anchoring junctions | |
| Cell Cycle | includes both the growth phases and cell division. |
| Parent cell | makes 2 daughter cells |
| Daughter cell | each cell receives a portion of the cytoplasm and organelles of the parents cell as well as a complete set of chromosomes. |
| Interphase | period during which the cell is not actively dividing includes G1,S, and G2 |
| S,G1 and G2 | *G1 growth and metabolism *S DNA replication production of histones *G2 structures required for division begin to form |
| Prophase | *Chromatin is condensed to form visible chromosomes *Each chromosome has two sister chromatids * Spindle begins to form * Nuclear envelope disintegrates |
| Metaphase | *Chromosomes attached to the spindle by Kinetochores *Kinetochores align chromosomes along the plane of cell division |
| Anaphase | *Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite polls *each is now a daughter chromosomes *Enzymes in the Kinetochores provide the propulsion |
| Telophase | *A complete set of chromosomes is grouped around each pole *Nuclear envelope forms around each set (from elements of the ER) *Mitotic spindle disintergrates *Chromosomes uncoil |
| Mitosis and Meisosis | |
| Chromatin | |
| Chromosome | |
| Sister Chromatids | |
| Kinetochore | |
| Nucleus | nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, nucleoproteins, and chromatin; surrounded by double membrane 0nuclear envelop) containing nuclear pores function- control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic information;contol of protein synthesi |
| Nuclear envelope | envelope surrounding the nucleus |
| Mitotic spindle | |
| Centrioles | |
| Cytokinesis | |
| Cleavage Furrow | |
| What is a cell? | |
| What is the basic structure of an animal cell | |
| 4 major tenets of cell theory | |
| structure of the plasma membrane | * surrounds the outside of the cytoplasm *composed of phospholipids, membrane proteins and other compounds. |
| what are the different components of the plasma membrane | |
| what are the primary functions of the plasma membrane | *regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell *mediates response of cell to hormones and other signal |
| how big are cells | |
| why is there a functional limit to cell size | |
| what are the different cellular organelles | |
| what are the structures of the cellular organelles | |
| what are the functions of the cellular organelles | |
| how do cells move | |
| what are the different methods of locomotion | |
| what are the different type of intercellular junctions | tight junctions, communicating junctions achoring junctions |
| how do cells produce new cells | |
| what is a cell cycle | |
| what are the different phases of the cell cycle | |
| what are the major events that occur in each phase of the cell cycle | |
| and Chromosomes | |
| functions of the Golgi Apparatus | functions- synthesis and packaging of ploysaccharides destined for vacuoles and the cell wall,processing and routing of proteins from the ER |
Created by:
sarah.teacher36
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