Help
Options
Question
the respiratory system provides an area for...between...
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
the resp system supplies the...and disposes...
Remaining cards (150)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
HA Ch. 22 (24)
The Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the respiratory system provides an area for...between... | gas exchange...air and circulating blood |
| the resp system supplies the...and disposes... | body with oxygen...co2 |
| resp system circulates the | air between exchange surfaces |
| resp system protects | respiratory surfaces |
| resp system provides | protection against pathogens |
| resp system helps to | regulate blood volume, blood pressure, and body fluid pH |
| pulmonary ventilation is when air is | movedin and out of the lungs |
| external respiration is...between the... | gas exchange...blood in the capillaries and the air at the lung alveoli |
| transport of respiratory gases;...transported between the...via..using... | o2 and co2...lungs and the cells of the body...cardiovascular system...blood as the transport vehicle |
| internal respiration;...between the...at... | gases exchanged...systemic blood and the tissue cells...systemic capillaries |
| both the respiratory and cardiovascular system are | irreversibly linked and involved in respiratory functioning |
| conducting zone goes from the...to the..and contain... | nose...terminal bronchioles...fairly rigid conduits that carry air to the sites of gas exchange |
| conducting zones function to | filter, moisten, and warm incoming air |
| respiratory zone goes from the...to the...and is the actual site of... | respiratory bronchioles...alveoli...gas exchange in the lungs |
| structures of the respiratory zone include the | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs consisting of groups of alveoli |
| the nose is the only | externally visible part of the respiratory system |
| external nose is composed of | bones and flexible plates of hyaline cartilage |
| the nasal cavity is from the ...to the...or.. | external nares..internal nares...choanae |
| the nasal cavity is divided into | right and left halves by the nasal septum |
| anterior portion of the nasal septum is formed of | hyaline cartilage |
| bony portion of the nasal septum is formed by the | fusion of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the plate of the vomer |
| posteriorly the nasal cavity is continuous with the | nasopharynx through the choanae |
| the bony boundaries of the nasal cavity are formed by the | maxillae, nasal and frontal bones, ethmoid and sphenoid bones, and by the hard and soft palates |
| nasal vestibule is the entryway of the | nose which is protected by hairs that screen out large particles |
| olfactory mucosa lines area | near the roof of the nasal cavity |
| respiratory mucosa lines the | vast majory of the nasal cavity |
| the respiratory mucosa is comprised of | ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with scattered goblet cells and an underlying lamina propria |
| the respiratory mucosa is richly supplied with | sensory nerve endings, rich plexuses of capillaries and thin-walled veins in the lamina propria which warm incoming air |
| sneeze reflex occurs when | irritants contact the mucosa |
| nasal conchae are also called | turbinate bones |
| nasal conchae consist of | three mucosa-covered, scroll-like structures projecting medially from each lateral wall of the nasal cavity |
| 3 mucosa covered structures in the nasal conchae | superior, middle, inferior conchae |
| supieror and middle and inferior meatus are...inferior to each...appropriately named according to their | narrow groove...concha...location |
| conchae and meatuses increase | air turbulence |
| conchae and meatuses together with the nasal mucosa... | filter, moisten, and warm air during inhalation |
| conchae and meatuses reclaim the | heat and moisture during exhalation |
| hard palate forms the...and separates the... | bony floor of the nasal cavity formed by the maxillary and palatine bones...oral and nasal cavities |
| soft palate forms the...markig the boundary between the... | fleshy floor of the nasal cavity...superior nasopharynx and the rest of the pharynx |
| the paranasal sinuses are rings of...surrounding the... | air-filled cavities...nasal cavity |
| the paranasal sinuses are located in the...and are named according to their | frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones...location |
| paranasal sinuses act as | resonance chambers in speech |
| paranasal sinuses are lined by the | same nasal mucosa and perform the same air-processing functions |
| the pharynx is a..shaped passageway that connects the... | funnel...nasal cavity and the mouth superiorly to the larynx and inferiorly to the esophagus |
| the pharynx serves as | common passageway for both food and air |
| the pharynx consits of | skeletal muscle throughout its length but the nature of the mucosa lining it varies |
| the pharynx, within the mucosa are...which... | tonsils...destroy pathogens |
| 3 pharyngeal regions (superior to inferior) | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| nasopharynx has...lining | ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial |
| nasopharynx is located directly | posterior to the nasal cavity's choanae |
| the nasopharynx is an...only | air passageway |
| oropharynx has a...lining due to... | thick, protective stratified squamous epithelial..increased friction and chemical trauma from food and air |
| oropharynx is located | posterior to the oral cavity |
| oropharynx has fauces which are | arch-like entranceway directly behind the mouth |
| oropharynx is a passageway for | food and air |
| laryngopharynx has a ... lining | stratified squamous epithelial |
| laryngopharynx is located | directly posterior to the epiglottis and larynx and is continuous with both the esophagus and the larynx |
| laryngopharynx is a common passageway for | food and air |
| the larynx is the | voice box |
| the larynx is superiorly attached to the...and opens into the...; inferiorly the larynx is... | hyoid bone...laryngopharynx...continuous with the trachea |
| larynx does...production | voice |
| the larynx provides an | open airway |
| the larynx acts as a | switching mechanism to route air and food into proper channels |
| the larynx has...connected by... | nine laryngeal cartilages...membranes and ligaments |
| all of the structures of the larynx are composed of...except the... | hyaline cartilage...epiglottis |
| the thyroid cartilage is shaped like an... | upright open book or a shield |
| the thyroid cart. is the...cartilage | largest laryngeal |
| the thyroid cart forms most of the | anterior and lateral walls of the larynx |
| in males, the laryngeal prominence is a... | thick ridge on the anterior surface of the thryoid cartilage (adam's apple) |
| cricoid cart is...shaped cartilage that forms a | signet-ring...complete ring of cartilage with greatly expanded posterior portions |
| the cricoid cart is located | inferior to the thyroid cart. and perched ontop of the trachea |
| the cricoid cart, along with the thyroid cart... | protects the glottis and the entrance to the trachea |
| the cricoid and thyroid cartilage have broad surfaces that provide sites for the | attachment of important laryngeal muscles and ligaments |
| arytenoid cartilages (2) are...shaped cartilages that ...and articulate with the... | ladle...anchor the vocal cords...supierior border of the enlarged portion of the cricoid cart. |
| corniculate cartilages (2) are...shaped cartilages that articulate with the...with which they play a role in the... | horn...arytenoid cartilages...opening and closing of the glottis and the production of sound |
| cuneiform cartilages (2) are...shaped cartilages that lie within the...that extends between the... | wedge...aryepiglottic fold...lateral aspect of each arytenoids cartilage and epiglottis |
| epiglottis is..shaped laryngeal cartilage | shoehorn |
| epiglottis is comprised of | elastic cartilage |
| epiglottis is almost entirely covered by | mucosa |
| the epiglottis projects | superior to the glottis |
| the glottis is the | narrow opening through which inspired, or inhaled, air leaves the pharynx to get the larynx |
| the epiglottis tips | inferiorly to cover and seal the laryngeal inlet during swallowing |
| the epiglottis functions in the...in which substances are... | cough reflex...expelled |
| the trachea descends from the...through the..and into the.. | larynx...neck...mediastinum |
| the trachea ends by branching into the... | two main bronchi, the right main bronchus, and the left main bronchus in the mid-thorax |
| the tracheal wall contains...of...joined to... | 16-20 c shaped rings...hyaline cartilage...one another by intervening membranes of fibroelastic CT called annular ligaments |
| the tracheal cartilages stiffen the...and protect the... | tracheal walls...airway |
| the tracheal wall provides | flexibility but also prevents trachea from collapsing or overexpanding as pressures change in the respiratory system |
| the tracheal wall keeps the | airway open despite pressure changes during breathing |
| the tracheal wall layers include the | mucous membrane, submucosa, adventitia |
| mucous membrane has | ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and the lamina propria |
| the submucosa is another layer of | ct containing seromucous glands |
| adventitia is...containg the... | CT...tracheal cartilage |
| trachealis muscle has...along with.. | smooth muscle fibers...soft CT in open posterior region |
| the trachealis muscle functions in | decreasing the diameter of the trachea |
| carina is the...on...at the point where.. | ridge...internal aspect of the last tracheal cartilage...trachea branches into main bronchi |
| the ...is often initiated in the carina | cough reflex |
| the bronchi and their subdivisions form the | bronchial tree |
| the bronchial tree is a | system of respiratory passageways that branch extensively within the lungs |
| the r and l main bronchi are the | largest conduits in the bronchial tree |
| the r and l main bronchi supply the...and divide into... | lungs ...lobar bronchi |
| the lobar bronchi supply the..and divide into... | lungs...segmental bronchi |
| the segmental bronchi supply the...and through many orders of branching divide into... | bronchopulmonary segments...bronchioles/terminal bronchioles |
| the bronchioles/terminal bronchioles lead into the | respiratory zone |
| the respiratory zone consists of structures in decreasing size... | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli |
| tissue composition of the wall of each main bronchus mimics that of the...changes occur as the.. | trachea...conducting tubes decrease in diamete |
| cartilage changes | cartilage ringes are replaced by irregular plates of cartilage as the main bronchi enter the lungs |
| cartilage is absent in... | bronchioles but elastin is present |
| epithelium changes | mucosal epithelial lining things as it changes from ciliated pseudostratified columnar to simple columnar to simple cuoidal in the smallest bronchioles, where cilia or mucus producing cells are absent |
| smooth muscle becomes important: complete layer of...appears in walls of... | smooth muscle first...large bronchi and is present throughout the smaller bronchi and bronchioles |
| alveoli are | microscopic air exchange chambers of the lungs |
| alveoli are surrounded by a...and... | delicate network of pulmonary capillaries...fine elastic fibers |
| type I cells: single layer of...which lines the walls of...and are surrounded by... | squamous epithelial cells...alveoli...delicate basal lamina |
| type II cells:...cells which secrete...and contains... | cuboidal epithelial...a fluid that coats the internal alveolar surfaces...surfactant |
| surfactant is...-like and prevents... | detergent...alveolar walls from sticking together during exhalation |
| alveolar macrophages or...cells exist in the...and remove the... | dust...air space of alveoli...the tiniest inhaled particles that are not trapped by the nasal mucosa |
| the pleurae are...sacs around each...whose walls consist of... | double-layerd flattened...lung...serous membranes |
| parietal pleura is the...layer that covers... | outer...internal surface of thoracic wall, superior surface of diaphragm, and lateral surfaces of mediastinum |
| visceral pleura is the...layer that covers... | inner...external surface of the lung |
| pleural cavity is...filled with...which decreases... | potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura...pleural fluid...friction between the lungs and the thoracic wall during breathing |
| the r and l lungs and their pleural sacs are..and each lung is roughly... | paired...cone shaped |
| the lungs consist mainly of...and the balance of its tissue, called...which is a... | air tubes and spaces...stroma...framework of CT containing many elastic fibers |
| the lungs are... | light, soft, spongy, elastic organs |
| the anterior, lateral, and posterior surfaces of the lung contact the | ribs and form a continuously curving costal surface |
| apex of the lungs is | rounded and the superior tip |
| base of the lungs is | concave inferior surface that rests on the diaphragm |
| hilus is the...on the..through which... | indentation...medial surface of each lung...blood vessels, bronchi, lymph vessels and nerves enter and exit the lung |
| left lung is somewhat | smaller |
| the left lung contains the | cardiac notch |
| the left lung is divided into...by the... | 2 lobes (upper and lower)...oblique fissure |
| right lung is divided into...by the... | 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower)...oblique fissure and the horizontal fissure |
| each lung lobe is further subdivided into | 10 bronchopulmonary segments which are seperated by thin partitions of dense CT |
| the segments limit the | spread of some diseases within the lung |
| pulmonary arteries deliver... | o2 poor blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation |
| pulmonary capillary network surrounds the | alveoli |
| pulmonary veins carry | oxygenated blood from alveoli of the lungs to the heart |
| sympathetic nerve fibers | dilate the air tubes |
| parasympathetic nerve fibers | constrict air tubes |
| visceral sensory fibers and the other nerve fibers enter each...through the... | lung...pulmonary plexus on the root of the lung |
| the mechanism of breathing, or...consist of... | pulmonary ventilation...2 phases,(inspiration and expiration) |
| inspiration is the period when..causing...within the... | air flows into the lungs...increased volume and decreased pressure...thoracic cavity via the inspiratory muscles, diaphragm, and intercostals |
| action of the diaphragm | contraction causes it to move inferiorly and to flatten, which results in increased vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity |
| the intercostals...to cause the ribs to...which results in... | contract...raise...increased right to left dimension of the thoracic cavity |
| expiration is the period when | gases exit the lungs |
| expiration is mainly a...in which the... | passive process..inspiratory muscles relax |
| expiration causes | decreased volumes of the thorax and lungs simultaneously |
| main respiratory center is located | in the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata (RVLM) |
| the rostal ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is considered as.. | pacemaker whoe neurons generate the basic ventilatory rhythm and rate |
| basic pattern can be modified by | higher centers of the central nervous system |
| the limbic system and the hypothalamus confer | emotional influence |
| the cerebral cortex mediates | conscious control |
| the basic pattern is also modified by | chemoreceptors, which sense the chemistry of blood |
Created by:
handrzej
Popular Anatomy sets