Help
Options
Question
The brain and spinal cord and their coverings
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Nerve cells found in the CNS that conduct impulses and receive and transmit electrical signals from and to muscles, glands and others of it's type
Remaining cards (74)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nervous System & CNS
Mblex Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The brain and spinal cord and their coverings | Central Nervous System |
| Nerve cells found in the CNS that conduct impulses and receive and transmit electrical signals from and to muscles, glands and others of it's type | Neurons |
| What are the two types of cells found in the CNS? | Neurons and Neuroglia |
| Cells found in the CNS that support and protect neurons as it holds them together, and that also support tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the brain | Neuroglia |
| The largest and most complex unit of the nervous system which is responsible for perception, sensation, emotion, intellect, and action | Brain |
| What do nerve cells consist of? | Cell body,and it's nerve fibers (axons and dendrites) |
| What does the cell body contain? | A nucleus and it's organelles |
| A nerve fiber that looks like little hairs, are an extension of the cytoplasm of the cell, and their job is to carry signals to the cell body. | Dendrites |
| Nerve fiber, it's an elongated projection that carries signals away from the cell body, may have branches known as collaterals that allow communication among neurons. | Axons |
| Found in the neuroglia,A white fatty, insulation substance formed by Schwann cells that surrounds some axons. Also produced in the CNS by oligodendrocytes. | Myelin |
| A specialized cell that forms Myelin. | Schwann Cell |
| The outer cell membrane of a Schwann cell that is essential in the regeneration of injured axons. | Neurilemma |
| Small gaps between segments of the myelin sheath which help speed the nerve impulses. | Nodes of Ranvier |
| A type of neuron that conducts sensory signals to the CNS | Sensory neuron |
| A type of neuron that conducts motor signals away from the CNS | Motor Neuron |
| When a stimulus such as a pressure, light, temperature or chemical change results in a brief change in the charge of one segment of a neuron. | Depolarization |
| The change in a segment of a cell membrane when the outside segment becomes negatively charged as it depolarizes and the inside becomes positively charged. | Action Potential |
| When a neuron is at rest how are the inside and outside charged? | The inside is negatively charged, and the outside it positively charged. |
| The space of junction between two neurons or a neuron and an effector organ | Synapse |
| Chemical compounds that generate action potentials when released into the synapses from presynaptic clefts and regulate many of the body's actions and senses. | Neurotransmitters |
| A neurotransmitter/hormone that stimulates the skeletal muscles and some organs and acts primarily on the parasympathetic ns. Is involved in memory. | Acetylcholine |
| A N.T./hormone that is involved in sleep, motor function, mood & pleasure and include two types (Epinephrine & Norepinephrine | Catacholamines |
| A Catacholamine that can excite or inhibit, is involved in the flight or fight response, such as dilation of blood vessels to the skeletal muscles and is classified as a hormone when secreted by the adrenal gland | Epinephrine |
| A Catacholamine that can excite or inhibit, found in the Hypothalalmus & limbic system, and in the sympathetic part of the ANS. Causes constriction of blood vessels, is a "feel good" NT & involved in emotional responses. | Norepinephrine |
| A NT, generally excitatory, found in the brain & ANS. A feel-good NT, involved in emotions and mood & is involved in the regulation of motor control and executive functioning of the brain. | Dopamine |
| A NT, A stimulant, released by mast cells as part of the inflammatory process. Also found in the hypothalamus, Regulates body temperature & water balance, and plays a part in emotions. Stimulates pain receptors to sensitize against further stimulation. | Histamine |
| A NT, an inhibitor of the CNS, synthesized into melatonin and affects biologic cycles, sleep & moods. | Serotonin |
| A NT, inhibitory, found in the brain, the most common inhibitory NT in the brain. | Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid |
| A NT, excitatory, found in the CNS, thought to be responsible for as much as 75% of the excitatory signals in the brain. | Glutamate (Glutamic Acid) |
| NT, found in the brain, retina, & GI tract, the function is unclear and may be related to feeding behavior, a gut-brain peptide. | Cholecystokinin |
| NT's, Endogenous morphines that block the brain from feeling pain, inhibitory, found in several organs of the CNS, retina, & Intestinal tract. Morphine & heroin mimic their effects. | Endorphins & Enkephalins |
| A NT, inhibits the release of growth hormone and is a gut-brain peptide | Somatostatin |
| A NT, excitatory, found in the brain & spinal cord, sensory pathways, and GI tract. Transmits Pain information. | Substance P |
| A NT, found in the brain, some ANS and & sensory fibers, retina & the GI tract, it's function is unclear | Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide |
| What are the three divisions of the brain? | The Cerebrum, Cerebellum & Brainstem(diencephalon) |
| The largest portion of the brain, aka the "forebrain", receives sensory information, interprets it, associates it with memories and past experiences, & then transmits the most appropriate motor impulse in response to the input. Also involved in emotions. | Cerebrum |
| The folds found in the Cerebral Cortex that increase the area available to the cortex. | Convolutions or gyri |
| Creases that separate the Convolutions(gyri) of the Cerebral Cortex. | Sulci or fissures |
| The central sulcus that separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the Cerebrum. | Fissure of Rolando |
| The lateral fissure of the Cerebrum that lies above the temporal lobe and below the frontal and parietal lobe. | The fissure of Sylvius |
| The fifth lobe of the Cerebrum that lies deep in the lateral fissure | Insula |
| What do the left and right hemispheres of the Cerebrum oversee? | Motor control |
| A structure located underneath the gray matter that connects the left and right hemispheres. | Corpus Collosum |
| Unmyelinated nervous tissue, particularly that found in the central nervous system. | Gray Matter |
| Myelinated nerve fibers, particularly those found in the brain and spinal tissue. | White Matter |
| Small collections of gray matter that assist in coordination | Basal Ganglia |
| What does the frontal lobe of the brain control? | Personality, Behavior, Emotion & Intellectual function |
| What does the Broca's area of the brain control? | Motor Speech |
| What does the Parietal Lobe control? | Sensation |
| What does the Occipital Lobe control? | Vision |
| What does the gnostic area of the brain do? | Stores complex memory patterns |
| What is the Gustatory area of the brain responsible for? | Taste |
| What is the Wernicke's area of the brain responsible for? | Language & Comprehension |
| What is Temporal Lobe responsible for? | Hearing & Smell |
| What is the Insula of the brain responsible for? | Visceral effects |
| The 2nd largest part of the brain, maintains balance and posture. | Cerebellum |
| A clear, colorless fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord, cushioning and protecting the structures & maintaining proper PH balance | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| The portion of the nervous system that exits the skull & extends into the vertebral column. It's functions are conduct nerve impulses and to be a center for spinal reflexes | Spinal Cord |
| The two roots that attach a spinal nerve to the spinal cord. | Dorsal and Ventral Roots |
| Tracts that carry sensory information to the brain | Ascending tracts |
| Tracts that carry motor information from the brain to the spinal cord. | Descending Tracts |
| A progressive disease that begins in the CNS & involves the degeneration of motor neurons and the subsequent atrophy of voluntary muscles. AKA Lou Gehrig's disease | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| A continuous seizure | Epilepticus |
| A chronic tremor that does not proceed from any other pathologic condition. | Essential Tremor |
| Paralysis of a single limb or a single group of muscles | Monoplegia |
| Paralysis or loss of mvmt of the lower portion of the body and of both legs. | Paraplegia |
| Paralysis or loss of mvmt of all four limbs | Quadraplegia |
| Collections of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord that have a common function | Tracts |
| a pathologic condition that covers disorders such as aneurysms, & hemmoraghes that damage brain tissue | Cerebrovascular Accident or stroke |
| Parietal motor deficit on one side of the body | Hemiparesis |
| Pathologic condition: a gradual buildup of arteriosclerotic lesions ( thickened, hardened areas of reduced elasticity) in the arteries of the neck and brain. | Cerbrovascular Disease |
| A weakening or bulging of an artery | Aneurysm |
| Brain trauma that may be mild, moderate or severe. | Concussion |
| Sudden involuntary muscle contractions. | Seizures |
| A pathologic condition which results from the degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, affects person's normal voluntary mvmts and replaces them with dance like motions. | Chorea |
Created by:
CEckhoff
Popular Anatomy sets