| Question | Answer |
| Thyroiditis | Inflammation of the thyroid gland. |
| Pica | Craving and eating substances not normally considered nutrients (e.g. clay). |
| Enteritis | Inflammation of the intestine, usually the small intestine. |
| Gastrectomy | Removal of all or part of the stomach, common in severe cases of gastric ulcers. |
| Dysepsia | Indigestion |
| Cachexia | A state of chronic malnutrition and physical wasting. |
| Appetite | A psychological desire for food. |
| Ideal Weight | The average, but not necessarily the most desirable, weight given in insurance tables for persons of a given height and sex. |
| Hunger | A psychological need for food. |
| Kwashiorkor | Severe protein deficiency in children, resulting in mental retardation and failure to grow. This is charcterized by a bloated abdomen. |
| Peptic Ulcers | Collective term referring to gastric and duodenal ulcers. |
| Polyphagia | Excessive eating. |
| Pheochromocytoma | A tumor of the adrenal medulla which usually causes high blood pressure. |
| Pancreatitis | A rare but extremely serious inflammation of the pancreas which usually occurs when the pancreatic enzymes get activated in the duct and start digesting the pancreas and its ducts. |
| Emaciation | Extreme leanness due to tissue wasting. |
| Colitis | Inflammation of the large intestine (colon). |
| Hemochromatosis | A syndrome caused by a disorder in iron metabolism due to excess iron getting into the body where it is deposited in the tissues causing skin pigmentation, and increases the likelihood of getting hepatic cancer or liver cirrhosis. |
| Glossitis | Inflammation of the tongue. |
| Hirsutism | Excessive hair growth, especially in women. |
| Pyloric Stenosis | Congenital abnormality in which the pyloric sphincter is abnormally constricted, which causes projectile vomiting when the child begins taking solid food. Corrected with surgery. |
| Dysentery | An intestinal infection, caused by viruses, bacteria or protozoans, that is accompanied by diarrhea and cramps. |
| Casein | The primary protein found in milk. |
| Exophthalmos | An abnormal protrusion of the eyes. |
| Dumping Syndrome | A set of symptoms, including diarrhea, that often occur following a gastrectomy. |
| Cholestasis | Condition in which the flow of bile from the gallbladder is prevented. |
| Thyroid Storm | A sudden and dangerous increase in the amounts of circulating thyroid hormone (TH) due to stress, excessive intake of TH supplements or injury to the thyroid gland. Symptons include fever, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, dehydration, nervoussness, |
| Hypernatremia | Excess sodium in the blood. |
| Xerostomia | Extreme dryness of the mouth. |
| Aphagia | Inability to swallow. |
| Hyperglycemia | Excess glucose in the blood. |
| Marasmus | Extreme wasting in infants due to diarrheic diseases during infancy and a poor diet. |
| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of the fluid within the peritoneal cavity which can be due to liver cirrhosis, heart disease, or kidney disease. |
| Hypoglycemia | A low level of glucose in the blood. |
| Hyperkalemia | Excess potassium in the blood. |
| Prolactinoma | The most common type of pituitary gland tumor, which causes hypersecretion of prolactin and menstrual disturbances in women. |
| Psychosocial Dwarfism | Reduced stature and failure to thrive resulting from stress and emotional disorders that supress hypothalamic release of growth hormone-releasing hormone, thus limiting growth hormone secretion. |
| Endoscopy | Visual examination, of the ventral body cavity or the interior of a tubular visceral organ, with a flexible tubelike device which contains a lens and a light device (i.e. endoscope). |
| Proctology | Study of the colon, rectum, and anus and the diseases associated with them. |
| Hypophysectomy | Surgical removal of the pituitary gland. |
| Hypothermia | Low body temperature resulting from prolonged uncontrolled exposure to cold. As the body gets colder, psychological processes slow down until it causes death. |
| Ileus | A condition in which all GI tract movement stops and the gut appears to be paralyzed. Can be due to electrolyte imbalances or a blockage of parasympathetic impulses by drugs. |
| Hypercalciuria | Excess excretion of calcium in the urine. |
