744 Midterm
Help!
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| Dads of systems theory | Bertalanffy and Bronfenbrenner
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| Parts of a system | boundary, inputs, feedback, outputs, outcomes
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| Entropy vs. negative entropy/steady state | entropy is when there is a disorder or mess, outputs>inputs
negative is opposite, it is order
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| Classical Conditioning | pavlov, you pair a conditioned response with an unconditioned response
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| Operant Conditioning | Positive and Negative Reinforcement/Punishment
Extinction can occur
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| Observational Learning | modeling
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| Cognitive Theory | cognition can be monitored and altered to change dysfunctional thought patterns
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| Schemas | frameworks we create from objects, events, etc. that help us interpret reality (cog)
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| ABC model (cog) | Activating events
Beliefs
Consequences
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| Cognitive Triad | Negative Views of self - negative views of others - Negative views of world .... all in a triangle
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| Psychosocial School | Freud based ... diagnosis dynamic, etiological, classificatory
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| Functional School | Reject psychosocial school, use relationships to facilitate growth... birth trauma
Derived from Erikson developmental model
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| Birth Trauma (fxnal) | fear of not living and independent existence outside the womb
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| Problem solving model | partializing problems, looking at transferences/countertransference, look at ego and how it solves problems
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| Psychoanalysis (Freud) | hierarchy of the mind, emphasizes insight, (un)pleasures, sexual stages
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| Freudian Four Basic Fears (unpleasures) | Loss of object, loss of love, punishment, fear of being a bad child who deserves punishment
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| Ego psychology (Erikson) | REVIEW ALL THE STAGES BRO (one bun video)
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| Attachment Theory (Bowlby), 4 types | secure
insecure avoidant
insecure ambivalent
disorganized
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| object relations (mahler, winnicott) | psychoanalytic offshoot that emphasizes interpersonal relations with objects (people)
object is persons or symbols
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| Mahler Object Relations | infants = nonrelated objects at birth and identity comes from mother-infant symbiosis stage of separation and individuation
1. differentiation 5-9mos
2. practicing 9-15mos
3. rapprochment 15-24mos
4. development of object constancy 24mo and beyond
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| Winnicott Object Relations | mother responds to symbiotic needs of newborn, true self is infant core, false self is facade infant creates to please mom
- transitional object is something like Wizzer, good for autonomy and independence of mom
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| Self Psychology (Kohut) | relationship with self -- experiences are an extension of self without psychological differentiation. includes tripolar self, mirroring, idealizing, twinship
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| Self Psychology: Tripolar Self | fundamental needs: exhibitionism, idealized figure (like a parent), and alter ego
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| Self Psychology: mirroring | exhibitionism of tripolar self: approval, interest, affirmation
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| Self Psychology: idealizing | idealized figure of tripolar: need for closeness and support from an omnipotent idealized other
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| Self Psychology: Twinship | alter ego of tripolar: birds of a feather flock together, want friends who feel likeness to
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| Neurobiology: plasticity | brain can reshape after new experience
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| neurons | cells that transmit signals to one another via chemical messengers
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| apoptosis | when neurons fail to communicate, the neurons die off
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| corpus collosum | the part that closes the COLOSSAL gap between left and right brain
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| left hemisphere brain | logic, language, Kory
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| Right hemisphere brain | social emotional, nonlinear holistic thought, activated a lot during trauma and stress
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| vertical integration of brain | fluidity between left and right hemisphere, integration of the two types, kinddaaa like wisemind
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| mourning symptoms | distress, somatic symptoms, shock, disbelief, guilt,
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| complex grief | the kind with no closure, the body isnt found, or it's not identifyable... makes mourning hard
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| seven stages of grief and loss | 1. shock
2. denial
3. anger
4. bargaining
5. depression
6. testing
7. acceptance
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| 2 prevailing strategies in social work for choosing interventions | efficacy vs. effectiveness
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| efficacy based interventions | select interventions that have shown efficacy in controlled practice research, use existing outcome research, usually control trials
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| effectiveness based interventions | evaluation methods are used in practice and incremental changes are made as it goes,
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| EBPSW | evidence based practice social work is effectiveness and efficacy you get the besssst of both worlds!chilling out take it slow. then you rock out the show!!
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| psychoanalytic: psychic conflict | Psychic conflict is when two opposing trends coexist in one person like two contradictory impulses, to break a taboo or to surpass a psychological trauma. ANXIETY INDUCING, such as toilet training example in book
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| psychoanalytic: compromise formation | max pleasure, minimum unpleasure. A balance of fantasy and reality's expectations.
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| psychoanalytic: id, | Id: primitive pleasure seeker (you gotta show ID to have pleasure... gross but it helps me) instinctual
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| psychoanalytic: ego | Reality principal based, decision maker, no right or wrong - just wants to direct towards pleasure in more realistic ways, the "horseback rider" of the Id.
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| psychoanalytic: superego | that's not a bird, that's not a plane, thats superego! Moralistic. persuades ego to be more moralistic while turning id away from the gross stuff. representation of parental authority. aka Superman is Daddy
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| Freud's psychosocial stages | 0-1 oral
1-3 anal
3-6 phallic
6 to puberty latency
puberty to death genital
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| defenses | psychological activities that reduce unpleasure
of psychic conflict by blocking, inhibiting, or distorting
awareness of disturbing mental contents
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| psychoanalytic therapy: free association | get the patient to lay down (very freudian), begins to talk about whatever the heck they think of first, no regard for linear, the therapist looks for repressed themes... AFTER activity the therapist talks about repressed themes
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| psychoanalytic therapy: role of therapist | collaborative
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| psychoanalytic therapy: therapeutic relationship | attitude of understanding, interpersonal plays a big role
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| psychoanalytic therapy: resistance | it is the paradoxical opposition to the process of therapy.
it is a sign of defensive functioning, the therapist exposes and explores
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| psychoanalytic therapy: interpretation | therapist interprets what the person says, a great example is in the free association technique.
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| Eriksons Eight (THE FIRST 4) | Infancy--Trust V. Mistrust
Toddler-- Autonomy V. Shame/Doubt
Preschool--Initiative V. Guilt
School-age--Industry V. Inferiority
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| Eriksons Eight (THE SECOND 4) | Adolescent--Identity V. Role confusion
Young adult--Intimacy V. Isolation
Middle age--Generativity V. stagnation
Older adult--Ego-integrity V. Despair
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| transference | activation of feelings within therapeutic process that are repetitive and not appropriate. redirecting feelings about other people onto the therapist.
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| countertransference | the clinician doing transference to the client, projecting feelings of positivity or negativity onto that client.
Talk to the supervisor to square it away.
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| hippocampus | memory hippo! it's also emotions
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| amygdala | that B word Amy Anxiety makes me want to FREEZE, RUN, OR PUNCH HER..
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| Intervention | professional steps to solve specific problems, enhance client strengths, and modify social-environmental contingencies to improve a client's psychosocial well-being
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| Supportive and Facilitative Skills of EBP | make client at ease, listen and communicate, engender trust, empathy, genuineness, and motivate them to change
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| Treatment Manuals vs. Flexibility Debate |
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| What do you assess for in a Suicide Risk Assessment? | Ideation
Plan
Behavior
Method
Intent
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| What are some suicide ass. tools? | SAFE-T, CSSR, Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale
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| Intervention for Domestic Violence | safety plan and resources (like legal services and shelter)
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| Benefits of evidence based social work practice | offers guidelines, evidence supports it, has been tested in control trials
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| Cautions of Evidence Based SW Practice | challenges "practice wisdom" (gasp!), situational factors can make it difficult to utilize strict procedural guidelines
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| Define Panic Attack | overwhelming fear with physiological symptoms such as racing heart, short breath, dizzy, nausea
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| 3 types of panic attacks | 1. Unexpected / out of the blue
2. Panic in response to situation
3. Situationally Predisposed, less predictable
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| Is there evidence based practice models for panic disorder? | no. there are methods but they don't meet criteria for EBP
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| Agoraphobia | intense fear or anxiety triggered by real or anticipated exposure to a wide range of situations (social support can be a big help!)
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| DSM 5 Panic Disorder Criteria | recurrent unexpected panic attacks, with symptoms of one or more of the following (high heartbeat, sweating, shaking, short breath, nausea, feeling faint, choking, derealizations, depersonalization) + fear it will happen again
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| What is derealization? | In panic disorders, people may experience this feeling of not being in reality
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| what is depersonalization? | in panic disorder, people may experience this feeling of not being attached to theirself. A dissociation
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| Panic Disorder instrument examples | PASQ (panic attack symptom questionnaire)
PACQ (panic attack cognitions questionnaire)
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| treatment used for panic disorder | cbt, psychodynamic theory, in vivo exposure using gradual exposure
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| OCD | obsessions and compulsions causing impairment and taking up more than one hour per day
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| define obsession | intrusive dysfunctional thought that reoccurs
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| define compulsion | repetitive behavior to feud off anxiety
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| OCD instruments | Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS)
Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (OCI)
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| OCD interventions | cbt, ssri's, combined treatment such as cbt, exposure, and medication
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| who has highest suicide rates? | american indians then white people
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| major depressive episode per the dsm 5 | experiencing 5 of the symptoms during a 2 week period. such as sad, hopeless, tired, weight change, anhedonia
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| Dythymia | shares features to depression but is chronic and less sever
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| bipolar disorder | shifts in mood, energy and functioning. Two subtypes:
Bipolar disorder I and II
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| Bipolar Disorder I | at least 1 manic episode, with or without past depression
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| Bipolar Disorder II | At least one episode of depression and at least 1 hypomanic episode
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| What makes someone at risk of suicide attempt in the future? | male, having SMI, personal/family hx of suicide, previous attempts, possessing means to kill self, older adult
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| Suicide risk factors in those with major depression | attraction to death, anhedonia, anxiety, acute suicidal ideation, acute alcohol abuse, intepersonal stress and loss
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| Depression Instruments | (The Sad Trombone lololol)
Becks Depression Inventory (BDI)
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-D)
Geriatric Depression Scaled (GDS)
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| Does research show that CBT is the shining example of therapy for depression? | no, it's mixed.
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| Socratic Questioning | Client taught to examine evidence of troubling thoughts.
Client taught to identify cognitive distortions; client encouraged to participate in self-monitoring of thoughts and record
responses (diaries, logs, charts). coping plans.
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| Intepersonal Therapy, not to be mistaken with the IPT with the long stupid forms for internship | good long term outcomes for depression, esp in older adults, when combined with meds
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| IPT 3 focus areas | grief, interpersonal role dispute, and role transitions
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| New categories in DSM 5 | OCD, body dysmorphic, hoarding, hair pulling (trichotillomania), skin picking (exoriation), agoraphobia
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| DSM 4 to 5, because we really can't get over this... | no more "retarded"
somatic symptoms more client centered
Autism is a spectrum
types of schizo removed
changes to dementia section
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| Mental Status Exam | you should know this
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| Major Components of MSE | appearance, motor activity, speech, affect, thought content, thought process, perception, intellect, insight
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