skin, bones, muscles, joints
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Layers of epidermis | show 🗑
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| Post-mitotic layer of epidermis | show 🗑
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| layer of epidermis found only in skin that is very thick | show 🗑
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| layer of epidermis with squamous cells and no nuclei or other organelles | show 🗑
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| Attach to desmosomes | show 🗑
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| Hold cells of stratum spinosum together | show 🗑
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| show | prickle cells
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| Contains the vascular system in the skin | show 🗑
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| Connects skin to underlying tissue | show 🗑
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| show | keratinocyte
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| show | hemidesmosomes
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| show | merkel cells
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| show | stratum basale and stratum spinosum
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| Begins vitamin D synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | reticular and papillary
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| show | Reticular layer
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| Areolar (loose) connective tissue in the dermis | show 🗑
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| Contains Meissner's corpuscles | show 🗑
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| Contains Pacinian corpuscles | show 🗑
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| downward folds of the epidermis | show 🗑
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| show | dermal papilla
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| show | rete ridges
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| show | cortex, medulla, cuticle
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|
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| show | active phase
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| show | resting phase
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| show | regressive phase
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| sweat gland with watery secretions | show 🗑
|
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| show | apocrine
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| show | merocrine
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| show | holocrine
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| show | aprocrine
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| gland that secretes by exocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | holocrine
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| cancer that originates in the spinosum | show 🗑
|
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| show | basal cell carcinoma
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|
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| slow growing cancer | show 🗑
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| most dangerous cancer because it is highly metastatic | show 🗑
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| show | squamous cell carcinoma
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| cancer that appears as a lesion | show 🗑
|
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| show | squamous cell carcinoma
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| Cancer that appears as a brown/black patch | show 🗑
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| show | Rule of Nines
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| show | 24 hours
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| Burn where only the epidermis is damaged | show 🗑
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| Burn that involves the dermis and epidermis; skin grafting necessary | show 🗑
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| Burn that is like first degree but with blisters | show 🗑
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| show | synthetic skin
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|
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| show | skeletal cartilage
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| show | fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, hyaline cartilage
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| show | hyaline
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| show | elastic cartilage
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| Growth from within | show 🗑
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| Only skeletal cartilage with no perichondrium | show 🗑
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| show | hyaline
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| Growth from edges | show 🗑
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| Collagen fibers are oriented in the direction of functional stress | show 🗑
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| show | appositional growth
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| Growth where chondrocytes divide to secrete new matrix | show 🗑
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| show | fibrocartilage
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| show | axial skeleton
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| Bones of upper and lower limbs | show 🗑
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| show | pelvic girdle
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| Permits a wide range of motion | show 🗑
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| Site of leg attachment | show 🗑
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| Middle/shaft of bone | show 🗑
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| show | epiphyseal plate
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| Marrow in adults | show 🗑
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| show | cervical, thoracic, lumbar
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| show | 7
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| show | 12
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| How many lumbar vertebrae? | show 🗑
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| show | Haversian canals
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| Horizontal channels that connect haversian canals | show 🗑
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| Connects lacunae to each other | show 🗑
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| Partial osteon | show 🗑
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| Spicules that make up spongy bone | show 🗑
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| Align lines of stress and help bone resist stress | show 🗑
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| show | collagen
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| Mineral component of bone | show 🗑
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| Matured bone is 65%: | show 🗑
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| Provides tensile strength and flexibility | show 🗑
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| show | interaction of collagen fibers with GAGs of matrix material
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| show | mesenchyme
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| show | hyaline cartilage
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| show | endochondral ossification
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| Ossification in flat bones | show 🗑
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| Ossification that goes straight to osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| show | endrochondral ossification
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| ossification surrounded by periosteum | show 🗑
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| covers bone ends and articulations | show 🗑
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| show | chondroblasts
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| Most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate | show 🗑
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| induce epiphyseal plates to completely ossify | show 🗑
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| show | T3 & T4
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| Growth in thickness of bone by: | show 🗑
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| Osteogenic layer of periosteum has: | show 🗑
|
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| show | PTH
🗑
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| show | calcitonin
🗑
|
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| Released from thyroid gland to regeulate calcium | show 🗑
|
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| show | Wolffs law
🗑
|
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| show | osteoblasts
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|
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| Increase at fracture site will increase bone growth: | show 🗑
|
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| How does electrical stimulus increase bone growth? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Endochondral ossification
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|
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| show | artificial bone
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|
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| Used from human cadavers in bone repair | show 🗑
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| Caused by insufficient calcium or vitamin D | show 🗑
|
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| show | Paget's disease
🗑
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| Primary bone | show 🗑
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| show | compact bone
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| Abnormally high woven bone to compact bone | show 🗑
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| show | Disuse osteoporosis
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| Drugs that slow how much bone is dissolved | show 🗑
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| How often is the entire skeleton replaced | show 🗑
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| Used for treatment of skeletal defects | show 🗑
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| Looks at bone density to diagnose osteoporosis earlier | show 🗑
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| Age of peak bone mass | show 🗑
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| show | Paget's
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| show | PTH, calcitonin, Vitamin D, Calcium
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| show | Anti-resorptive drugs
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| show | biphosphates
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| Prevents further bone loss and increases bone density | show 🗑
|
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| show | biphosphate
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| Induces osteoclasts to dissolve bone | show 🗑
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| show | PTH
🗑
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| Increases calcium absorption in the body | show 🗑
|
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| show | sun>skin (vitamin D3)>liver(calcidiol)>kidney(calcitriol)
🗑
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| show | hormone
🗑
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| Acts directly on the small intestine to boost absorption of calcium | show 🗑
|
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| show | calcitriol
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|
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| show | calcitriol
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|
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| show | Calcitriol
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|
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| show | osteoclasts
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|
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| Govern production of osteoclasts using 3 signaling molecules | show 🗑
|
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| show | stimulating factor
🗑
|
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| show | RANKL
🗑
|
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| show | osteoprotegerin
🗑
|
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| show | estrogen
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| Prolongs the life of osteoblasts | show 🗑
|
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| show | sutures
🗑
|
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| show | fibrous joints
🗑
|
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| Articulation edges completely filled by very short connective tissue fibers that penetrate the bone | show 🗑
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| Suture at border of parietal bones | show 🗑
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| suture between temporal and parietal bones | show 🗑
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| suture in palatine process of maxilla | show 🗑
|
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| show | free-floating bones skull separated by sutures
🗑
|
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| Premature fusing of the sutures | show 🗑
|
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| Union of 2 or more bones to form single bones | show 🗑
|
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| Types of fibrous joints | show 🗑
|
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| show | syndesmoses
🗑
|
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| Fibrous joint with longer fibers | show 🗑
|
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| Fibrous connection like a nail or a bolt with short peridontal ligament | show 🗑
|
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| show | amphiarthrotic
🗑
|
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| slightly moveable joint | show 🗑
|
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| immovable joint | show 🗑
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| show | diarthrotic
🗑
|
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| show | synchondroses
🗑
|
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| Lack a joint cavity | show 🗑
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| movement of cartilaginous joints | show 🗑
|
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| types of cartilaginous joints | show 🗑
|
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| show | symphysis
🗑
|
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| Becomes ossified and immovable (synarthrotic) when bone growth ends | show 🗑
|
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| show | hyaline cartilage
🗑
|
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| Function of symphysis | show 🗑
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| Located predominantly in limbs | show 🗑
|
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| show | joint cavity
🗑
|
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| show | synovial joint
🗑
|
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| In synovial joints, comes from filtration of blood plasma | show 🗑
|
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| show | synovial membrane cells secrete hyaluronic acid
🗑
|
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| Makes synovial fluid slippery | show 🗑
|
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| Warms synovial fluid | show 🗑
|
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| Forces synovial fluid from cartilages when joint is suppressed by movement | show 🗑
|
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| show | synovial fluid
🗑
|
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| show | fibrous layer and osteogenic layer
🗑
|
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| layer of periosteum containing osteoblasts | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | appositional growth
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bursa
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bursa
🗑
|
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| Elongated bursa that completely wrap around tendon subjected to friction | show 🗑
|
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| discs or wedges of fibrocartilage that separate articular surfaces of bone | show 🗑
|
||||
| divide synovial cavity into 2 separate cavities | show 🗑
|
||||
| absorbs shock and pressure, improves fit between bones, and stabilizes joints | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most menisci injuries occur _________ and are irreparable | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | degenerative arthritis
🗑
|
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| Treatment of choice for torn menisci | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nature of articular surface and number & position of ligaments
🗑
|
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| What kind of sockets are best for stability? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle tone
🗑
|
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| show | muscle tendons that cross the joint
🗑
|
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| Monitor position of joints and maintains muscle tone | show 🗑
|
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| show | sensory nerve endings
🗑
|
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| Muscles always in what state | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Attached to bone that does not move | show 🗑
|
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| show | insertion
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to insertion and origin when muscles contract | show 🗑
|
||||
| Movement of every synovial joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | plane, hinge, pivot, saddle, ball & socket
🗑
|
||||
| Synovial joint with flat articular surfaces | show 🗑
|
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| show | plane joint
🗑
|
||||
| show | hinge joint
🗑
|
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| show | hinge joint
🗑
|
||||
| synovial joint that allows rotation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pivot joint
🗑
|
||||
| synovial joint with concave and convex articular surface shapes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | saddle joint
🗑
|
||||
| Synovial joint: articular surfaces fit together concave to convex | show 🗑
|
||||
| most freely moving synovial joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| three bones of the elbow | show 🗑
|
||||
| joint between humerus and ulna | show 🗑
|
||||
| joint between humerus and radius | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | radioulnar
🗑
|
||||
| show | tennis elbow
🗑
|
||||
| medial epicondylitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tennis elbow
🗑
|
||||
| symptom is pain on the lateral epicondyl | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ice, brace, stretches, steriod injections, surgery
🗑
|
||||
| show | common extensor origin released from lateral epicondyle
🗑
|
||||
| Freely movable joint that has sacrificed stability for mobility | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | glenoid cavity of scapula
🗑
|
||||
| 3 bones of the shoulder | show 🗑
|
||||
| shoulder joint replacement surgery is also called | show 🗑
|
||||
| 4 muscles and their tendons in rotator cuff | show 🗑
|
||||
| formed by articulation of spherical head of femur with deep cupped acebatabulum of coxal bone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | deep socket that encloses the femoral head & the strong ligaments
🗑
|
||||
| show | intracapsular ligament
🗑
|
||||
| show | knee joint
🗑
|
||||
| show | tibia, femur, patella, fibula
🗑
|
||||
| show | femopatellar and tibiofemoral joint
🗑
|
||||
| joint in the knee that is a plane joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tibiofemoral joint
🗑
|
||||
| show | femopatellar joint
🗑
|
||||
| show | tibiofemoral joint
🗑
|
||||
| at least ____ bursae associated with the knee | show 🗑
|
||||
| Knee muscles that go across the knee joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| major stabilizing ligaments of the knee | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hold joints together in the knee | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ACL
🗑
|
||||
| initial treatment of ACL injury | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common type of ACL reconstruction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cartilaginous growth centers
🗑
|
||||
| Increases traction stress on growth centers during growth spurt | show 🗑
|
||||
| chronic traction & stress at tibial tubercle apophysis due to repetitive activity and tight quads | show 🗑
|
||||
| using a patellar strap can relieve pain from: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | osgood schlatter injury
🗑
|
||||
| show | sprain
🗑
|
||||
| show | lumbar region of spine, ankle, and knee
🗑
|
||||
| show | because ligaments are poorly vascularized
🗑
|
||||
| show | surgery
🗑
|
||||
| show | carbon fibers
🗑
|
||||
| causes cartilage tearing | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | it is avascular and can't get sufficient nourishment
🗑
|
||||
| occurs when bones are forced out of normal position at a joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | bursitis/tendonitis
🗑
|
||||
| most wide spread crippling disease in US | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | arthritis
🗑
|
||||
| show | bacterial invasion, antibiotics
🗑
|
||||
| non-inflammatory type of arthritis, chronic arthritis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | chronic arthritis
🗑
|
||||
| osteoarthritis not common in: | show 🗑
|
||||
| crunching noise made by affected joints | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NSAIDs
🗑
|
||||
| show | motrin+tylenol
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rheumetoid arthritis
🗑
|
||||
| autoimmune disease with suspected cause strep bacteria | show 🗑
|
||||
| Arthritis that attacks the synovial membrane | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | rheumatoid arthritis
🗑
|
||||
| show | rheumatoid arthritis
🗑
|
||||
| excessive amount of uric acids deposited as urate crystals in soft tissues | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | gout
🗑
|
||||
| show | gout, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporsis
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle cells
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of muscle | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | from body by muscle action
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle cells
🗑
|
||||
| immature muscle cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | skeletal muscle
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle must rest after short periods of activity | show 🗑
|
||||
| multinucleated muscle(s) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cardiac, smooth
🗑
|
||||
| Makes up skeletal muscle: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | endomysium
🗑
|
||||
| show | perimysium
🗑
|
||||
| show | epimysium
🗑
|
||||
| covers entire muscle and is located over the layer of epimysium | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | direct muscle attachment
🗑
|
||||
| muscle attachment where muscle fascia extends beyond muscle as a rope-like tendon that anchors muscle to bone, cartilage, or another fascia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | parallel
🗑
|
||||
| show | pinnate
🗑
|
||||
| show | unipinnate
🗑
|
||||
| fascicles attach to central tendon opposite sides | show 🗑
|
||||
| fascicles attach to many tenons | show 🗑
|
||||
| fascicle arrangement: fascicles converge toward single tendon | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pectoralis major fascicle arrangement | show 🗑
|
||||
| fascicle arrangement: fascicles arranged in concentric circles | show 🗑
|
||||
| In muscle cells, contains large amounds of stored glycogen myoglobin | show 🗑
|
||||
| 80% of cell volume | show 🗑
|
||||
| thick filaments | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | actin
🗑
|
||||
| contractile proteins | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | thin filaments
🗑
|
||||
| show | thin filaments (actin)
🗑
|
||||
| 2 regulatory proteins associated with actin | show 🗑
|
||||
| control myosin-actin interaction | show 🗑
|
||||
| each muscle fiber contains ___ axon | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TnI
🗑
|
||||
| show | TnT
🗑
|
||||
| troponin that binds to Ca++ | show 🗑
|
||||
| Complex of 3 polypeptides | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | myofibrils
🗑
|
||||
| show | sarcomere
🗑
|
||||
| What has to happen to muscles before they contract | show 🗑
|
||||
| normally covers up binding spot on actin filament | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | calcium
🗑
|
||||
| stimulates skeletal muscle cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| 2 types of excitable cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ACh
🗑
|
||||
| diffusion of Na in cell reduces resting potential at that spot creating: | show 🗑
|
||||
| potential reduced to _________ for action potential to be generated in cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | repolarization
🗑
|
||||
| Restores electrical condition of resting membrane | show 🗑
|
||||
| Tubules surround each myofibril | show 🗑
|
||||
| Large perpendicular cross channels in SR | show 🗑
|
||||
| regulate intercellular levels of Ca++ | show 🗑
|
||||
| Formed at A-I band junction where sarcolemma penetrates the interior of the cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| sequence of events in which the transmission of an action potential along the sarcolemma leads to contraction | show 🗑
|
||||
| promotes formation of myosin cross bridges | show 🗑
|
||||
| Production ceases shortly after breathing stops | show 🗑
|
||||
| autoimmune disease that attacks and destroys ACh receptors located on muscle cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cause of stiffness after death known as rigor mortis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Poison that disrupts innervation by blocking ACh from attaching to receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| amount of tension generated by a muscle depends on how stretched or contracted it is before stimulated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle tone
🗑
|
||||
| Keeps a muscle firm, healthy, and ready to respond to stimulation | show 🗑
|
||||
| consists of motor neuron and all muscle cells it controls | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | more;less
🗑
|
||||
| time between stimulation and time of contraction (everything that happens before contraction place) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | period of contraction
🗑
|
||||
| period in which muscle returns to original length; happens when trying to get myosin head off | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | period of relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| twitches vary with concentration of: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | weaker
🗑
|
||||
| If a skeletal muscle is stimulated a second time right after contraction phase, contraction will have higher max tension | show 🗑
|
||||
| Successive stimuli arrive before the relaxation phase has been completed and second twitch is stronger | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | absolute refractory period
🗑
|
||||
| show | calcium
🗑
|
||||
| show | tetanus
🗑
|
||||
| show | tetanus
🗑
|
||||
| force exerted by a contracting muscle on an object | show 🗑
|
||||
| force exerted on a muscle by the weight of an object | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscle tension develops but the load is not moved | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscle tension develops and load is not moved (pushing and muscles are contracting but nothing happens) | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscle tension develops and the load is moved | show 🗑
|
||||
| Borrow phosphate groups ATP needs to be made | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | anaerobic
🗑
|
||||
| Con of anaerobic respiration | show 🗑
|
||||
| Respiration that provides a large amount of ATP but takes longer because of the many steps | show 🗑
|
||||
| Main factor in muscle fatigue | show 🗑
|
||||
| difference between resting rate of oxygen consumption and elevated rate | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | smooth muscle
🗑
|
||||
| tiny invagnations of sarcolemma with calcium inside | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | smooth muscle has a large surface area so Ca++ can diffuse into cell from interstitial fluid
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| Muscle that lacks troponin and sarcomeres | show 🗑
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| show | sheets of closely apposed fibers
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| show | peristalsis-smooth muscle
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| muscles that lack structured neuromuscular junction | show 🗑
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| show | varicosities
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| neurotransmitters released in a wide synaptic cleft in general area of smooth muscle cells | show 🗑
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| show | gap junctions
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| pacemaker cells | show 🗑
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| show | calmodulin
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| why are smooth muscles always ready to contract | show 🗑
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| Smooth muscle contractions | show 🗑
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| release neurotransmitters for involuntary muscles | show 🗑
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| show | stress-relaxation response
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| certain smooth muscle fibers divide to increase numbers, like uterus during pregnancy | show 🗑
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| How can smooth muscle make its own connective tissue | show 🗑
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Popular Anatomy sets