Mod 4
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| show | Heart rate/minute x mL/beat
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| show | mL/beat or EDV - ESV
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| show | amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute average 75/minute
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| stroke volume | show 🗑
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| end diastolic volume | show 🗑
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| show | amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of systole (contraction)
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| show | EDV - ESV
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| How does a drop in BP affect the heart rate? | show 🗑
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| show | low blood volume Increases stroke volume (SNS)
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| How does fright affect the heart rate? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreases stroke volume (PNS)
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| show | myocardium
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| visceral pericardium, simple squamous epithelium | show 🗑
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| smooth inner lining of the heart, simple squamous epithelium | show 🗑
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| show | visceral pericardium
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| show | visceral and fibrous pericardium
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| serous membrane of the heart (two) | show 🗑
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| show | fibrous pericardium
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| show | visceral and parietal pericardium
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| show | aorta
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| show | pulmonary trunk
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| show | right side
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| blood returning from the pulmonary circulation enters the | show 🗑
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| pulmonary trunk exits this chamber | show 🗑
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| vena cavae enter this chamber | show 🗑
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| tricuspid valve connects these chambers | show 🗑
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| bicuspid valve conects these chambers | show 🗑
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| show | left ventricle
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| show | left atrium
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| show | right ventricle
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| form pump for systemic circulation | show 🗑
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| general function of valves of the heart | show 🗑
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| show | left ventricle
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| where is the pulmonary semilunar valve | show 🗑
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| show | semilunar is more like a pocket
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| show | coronary arteries
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| vein returning blood from the heart wall | show 🗑
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| where are the coronary arteries located | show 🗑
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| where does blood from the coronary arteries go? | show 🗑
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| cardiac muscle innervation | show 🗑
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| skeletal muscle innervation | show 🗑
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| cardiac muscle stimulus for contraction | show 🗑
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| skeletal muscle stimulus for contraction | show 🗑
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| made of desmosomes and gap junctions | show 🗑
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| show | gap junction
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| holds muscle fibers together | show 🗑
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| action potential is longer/shorter for cardiac muscle than skeletal muscle | show 🗑
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| show | Na+ and Ca2+
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| show | Ca2+
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| what are 2 sources for cardiac muscle Ca2+ | show 🗑
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| show | SR
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| tetanus can/cannot happen in cardiac muscle | show 🗑
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| another contraction can/can't happen until relaxation of the heart muscle | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| sinoatrial node is also known as the ________ of the heart | show 🗑
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| True/False: the pacemaker potential is spontaneous depolarization | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| show | Purkinje fibers
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| what part of the conduction system serves as the pacemaker | show 🗑
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| what is the only electrical connection between the atrial and ventricular muscle masses | show 🗑
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| show | Fast
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| True/False: slow conduction thru the AV node give ventricles time to finish filling before contracting | show 🗑
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| Rapid conduction of Purkinje fibers affects blood pressure and | show 🗑
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| any abnormality in the rhythm of the heart (too fast or too slow) is called | show 🗑
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| show | systole
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| show | diastole
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| True/False: during diastole, both the atria and ventricles relax | show 🗑
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| During diastole blood is flowing from the _______into the atria. | show 🗑
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| show | ventricles
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| show | SA node causes depolarization
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| Atrial systole is preceded by the _______ wave of the EKG. | show 🗑
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| The atria contract/relax during atrial systole. | show 🗑
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| show | atria
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| show | QRS
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| What is the advantage of atrial systole? more time for ventricular filling = | show 🗑
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| this is occurs for a brief moment before the SL valves open and the AV valves are closed | show 🗑
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| this occurs for a brief moment before the AV valves open and the SL valves are closed | show 🗑
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| AV valves close ventricular pressure is greater/lesser than atrial pressure | show 🗑
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| SL valves close when ventricular pressure is greater/lesser than aortic pressure | show 🗑
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| the volume remaining in each ventricle at the end of systole, about 60 mL | show 🗑
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| the volume remaining in each ventricle at the end of diastole | show 🗑
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| the amount of blood leaving the heart during systole (SV/EDV x 100 = EF) | show 🗑
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| show | filling
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| show | ventricular diastole and atrial systole
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| show | SL open and AV close
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| At the beginning of atrial systole, which valves open and which valves close? | show 🗑
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| If you hear an abnormal first heart sound, which valves would it be? | show 🗑
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| In a heart murmur, valves do not completely ________. | show 🗑
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| The second heart sound is due to the _______ closing during ventricular diastole. | show 🗑
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| Name this rule: The greater the stretch of the heart muscle, the greater the contraction. | show 🗑
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| show | venous return
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| show | greater stroke volume
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| show | inotropic effect
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| show | contractility
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| the vasopressure that must be overcome before an SL valve can open | show 🗑
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| show | decreased stroke volume
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| show | preload
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| The SA node does/does not require outside stimulation to initiate a heartbeat. | show 🗑
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| Rate of SA node firing can be modified by two factors: ANS and _______. | show 🗑
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| show | heart rate
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| show | heart rate
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| How does the hormone epinephrine affect heart rate? | show 🗑
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| show | decreased SV
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| cardiac control centers are located in the ____________ of the brain | show 🗑
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| show | norepinephrine
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| show | acetylcholine
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| increase the firing of the SA node | show 🗑
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| show | PNS
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| PNS ______ is responsible for slowing the heart rate down | show 🗑
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| show | vagus nerve
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| show | positive inotropic effect
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| PNS causes a decrease in | show 🗑
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| show | tunica intima
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| show | endothelium
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| blood vessel layer contains smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue | show 🗑
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| blood vessel layer consists of fibrous connective tissue | show 🗑
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| smallest artery; greatest proportion of smooth muscle; "resistance vessels" | show 🗑
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| vessels with intercellular clefts for exchange between plasma & ISF | show 🗑
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| show | veins
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| show | squamous
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| show | are
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| smallest vein | show 🗑
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| most capillaries plasma membranes of ________ cells that form a continuous tube | show 🗑
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| capillaries with small pores in the plasma membrane | show 🗑
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| show | sinusoids
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| show | blood pressure
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| show | force
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| blood pressure refers to the BP in arteries in _________ circulation | show 🗑
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| blood pressure increases, ________ increases | show 🗑
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| show | vascular resistance
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| show | systolic blood pressure
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| show | diastolic blood pressure
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| show | MAP
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| show | mean arterial blood pressure
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| the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure | show 🗑
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| a traveling pressure wave of alternating expansion & recoil of elastic arteries | show 🗑
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| 2 factors to vascular resistance: vessel lumen diameter and vessel ________ | show 🗑
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| show | viscosity
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| most important variable of peripheral resistance | show 🗑
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| diameter of lumen of arterioles is the most/least significant factor of PR | show 🗑
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| widening of vessel diameter due to smooth muscle relaxation | show 🗑
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| show | vasocontraction
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| Systemic changes are ________ body changes. | show 🗑
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| show | SNS & hormones
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| Changes in arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters supplying a specific tissue regulates flow to individual capillary beds. | show 🗑
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| Autoregulation is regulated by local ________ factors. | show 🗑
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| Arteriole diameter is regulated by the ________ nervous system. | show 🗑
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| Arterioles are slightly constricted constantly by constant discharge of the sympathetic nervous system. | show 🗑
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| show | vasomotor
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| in medulla oblongata: vasomotor, cardioaccelerator, & cardioinhibitory centers make up the | show 🗑
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| Autoregulation is influenced by local metabolic factors and | show 🗑
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| ephinephrine dilates | show 🗑
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| show | causes
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| which blood components cannot normally exit capillaries? | show 🗑
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| 4 structures of capillaries promote ISF/plasma exchange: thin membranes, endothelial cells, pinocytic cells, and | show 🗑
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| show | diffusion
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| molecules that diffuse across capillary walls include, CO2, glucose, some hormones and | show 🗑
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| show | transcytosis
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| movement of water and small molecules in response to a pressure gradient is called | show 🗑
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| show | water
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| show | reabsorption
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| Direction of bulk flow across capillary walls is determined by _____ across the wall. | show 🗑
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| show | out
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| Blood colloidal osmotic pressure or osmotic draw favors flow into/out of the capillary. | show 🗑
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| Blood is hypertonic/hypotonic to the ISF because of proteins | show 🗑
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| show | osmosis
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| hydrostatic pressure causing fluid flow in & osmotic pressure causing fluid flow out of capillaries is also known as | show 🗑
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| lower than normal concentration of plasma proteins leads to increased ISF & decreased | show 🗑
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| show | decreased BV
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| show | ISF
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| structure that prevents backflow of blood within most veins | show 🗑
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| show | return
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| venodilation increases | show 🗑
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| show | venous
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| Mean Arteriole Pressure equals Cardiac Output times ________. | show 🗑
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| show | arterial blood pressure
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| show | baroreceptor reflex
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| show | carotid sinus
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| show | the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata
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| show | motor neurons.
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| show | smooth muscle
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| show | high
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| Heart rate increases to correct _______ blood pressure. | show 🗑
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| show | Peripheral
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| Stroke ________ decreases to correct high blood pressure. | show 🗑
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| show | constrict
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| show | output
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