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young ap 2401 chap13 Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
_______ (________) nerves carry impulses FROM the CNS
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2.
Epineurium
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3.
The faster the impulses the _________ the stimulus
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4.
The three main levels of neural integration in the somatosensory system are:
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5.
Cranial Nerve II: Optic
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6.
______ nerves have sensory and motor fibers and are the most common
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7.
Most receptors are _____ and include _____ and _____varieties
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8.
Mechanoreceptors
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9.
________ (_______) nerves carry impulse TO the CNS
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10.
Chemoreceptors
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11.
Complex receptors are _______ organs
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12.
Regeneration of a nerve cell involves ____ to remove debris, ________ to form a regeneration tube and secrete growth factors, and ____ to regenerate damaged part
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13.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) description
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14.
Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear
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15.
Photoreceptors
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16.
The PNS includes _______ (4)
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17.
___ pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain
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18.
Simple Receptors: Unencapsulated examples
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19.
If the soma of a damaged nerve remains intact, damage **can/can't** be repaired
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20.
List 4 types of mixed nerves
A.
respond to chemicals (e.g., smell, taste, changes in blood chemistry)
B.
respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch
C.
Motor (efferent)
D.
can
E.
tough fibrous sheath around nerve
F.
12
G.
Mixed
H.
respond to light energy (e.g., retina)
I.
all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord
J.
Special Sense
K.
Sensory (afferent)
L.
Somatic afferent and somatic efferent Visceral afferent and visceral efferent
M.
simple encapsulated unencapsulated
N.
Macrophages, schwann cells, axons
O.
stronger
P.
Merkel (tactile) discs – light touch Hair follicle receptors
Q.
Includes sensory receptors, peripheral nerves, associated ganglia, and motor endings
R.
Arises from the retina of the eye Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for vision
S.
inner ear, pass through the internal acoustic meatus, and enter the brainstem at the pons-medulla border Two divisions – cochlear (hearing) and vestibular (balance) Functions are solely sensory – equilibrium and hearing
T.
Receptor level – the sensor receptors Circuit level – ascending pathways Perceptual level – neuronal circuits in the cerebral cortex
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21.
A _____ _______ in the associated sensory neuron must reach threshold
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22.
A ________ is a rapid, predictable motor response to a stimulus
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23.
The receptor’s _______ must be stimulated
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
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24.
coarse connective tissue that bundles fibers into fascicles
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25.
Respond to degree of stretch of the organs they occupy Found in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles Constantly “advise” the brain of one’s movements
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26.
8 cervical (C1-C8) 12 thoracic (T1-T12) 5 Lumbar (L1-L5) 5 Sacral (S1-S5) 1 Coccygeal (C0)
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27.
Hilton’s law: any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the joint
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28.
Respond to stimuli arising within the body Found in internal viscera and blood vessels Sensitive to chemical changes, stretch, and temperature changes
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29.
Respond to stimuli arising outside the body Found near the body surface Sensitive to touch, pressure, pain, and temperature Include the special sense organs
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30.
Structures specialized to respond to stimuli Activation of sensory receptors results in depolarizations that trigger impulses to the CNS The realization of these stimuli, sensation and perception, occur in the brain

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