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Digestive Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
regenerative (stem cells)
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2.
serous cells
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3.
why secrete HCl
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4.
hepatocytes degrade from blood...
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5.
esophagus
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6.
micelles
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7.
carb absorption
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8.
cephalic phase
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9.
carb digestion: starch is digested to....
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10.
extrinsic salivary glands
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11.
defecation
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12.
intestinal phase
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13.
GI responses mediated by
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14.
compaction
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15.
pancreatic juice rich in ________
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16.
gastric glands: types of cells
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17.
main cell type of liver
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18.
hepatocytes absorb from blood...
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19.
jejunum
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20.
enteric nervous system's components:
A.
oligosaccharides, maltose (disaccharide), glucose (monosaccharide)
B.
activates enzymes, denatures proteins, converts Fe3+ to Fe2+, destroys most pathogens
C.
muscular tube extending from pharynx --> stomach, Contains only 3 layers (no serosa); Responsible for PERISTALSIS
D.
hepatocytes
E.
1. myenteric plexus (PERISTALSIS, contractions of muscularis externa), 2. submucosal plexus (GLANDULAR secretions of mucosa, movements of muscularis mucosae)
F.
found throughout gastric glands, high turnover of cells
G.
elimination of feces
H.
three pair connected to oral cavity by ducts; -Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, Secrete primarily when eating
I.
secrete thin fluid rich in amylase and electrolytes, Stimulated by parasympathetic NS
J.
smaller droplets in which fat globules are broken up by lecithin & bile acids; lipids leave micelles --> diffuse into cells --> form chylomicrones secreted/ absorbed by lacteals
K.
HCO3 ions (bicarbonate)
L.
absorbing water and consolidating indigestibles into feces
M.
glucose, amino acids, iron, vitamins, and other nutrients for metabolism or storage
N.
Intestinal gastrin briefly stimulates the stomach, but then SECRETIN, CCK, and the ENTEROGASTRIC (inhibitory signal) reflex INHIBIT gastric secretion and motility while the duodenum processes the chyme.
O.
parietal, regenerative, enteroendocrine, mucous, chief cells
P.
Vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretion even before food is swallowed; originates from head --> no food in stomach required, PREPARES stomach for food
Q.
first 40% of small intestine beyond duodenum; lots of ABSORPTION, thick & muscular walls, large tall circular folds= PLICA
R.
transmembrane transporters move monosaccarides across cells
S.
hormones, toxins, bile pigments, drugs
T.
long (VAGOVAGAL) reflexes, short (MYENTERIC) reflexes, hormones
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
incorrect
21.
gradual movement of contents towards colon
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22.
regulates passage of chyme into duodenum; opens @ end of stomach-intestine junction
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23.
multicellular projection, blood capillaries of villus absorb most of the nutrients, LACTEAL absorbs most lipids
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24.
fuzzy border on apical surface of each absorptive cell: the “brush border” increases absorptive surface area, brush border enzymes carry out some of the FINAL STAGES of enzymatic digestion
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25.
formed if bile is too concentrated; 80% bile acids reabsorbed in small intestine --> liver; 20% excreted in feces
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26.
=where guts are; Within the abdominal cavity, Contains most of the GI tract, SEROSA (secretes fluid into cavity) define the cavity’s boundaries, MESENTERIES connect & transmit vessels and nerves
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27.
dispersed oral mucosa, All live within MUCOSA, Constantly secreting saliva
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28.
muscular tube extending from nasal cavity --> oral cavity --> esophagus; Swallowing (deglutition) begins here; muscles around bolus CONSTRICTS --> cause food to slip down
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29.
Layer of epithelium in digestive tract= continuous •Layer beneath= LAMINA PROPRIA oBind epithelium to layer of muscle= MUSCULARIS MUCOSA •LYMPHATIC TISSUE: lies beneath barrier oContain macrophages; b-cells, t-cells
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30.
primarily functions as a food storage organ, mechanical digestion liquefies the bolus --> producing CHYME, chemical digestion of protein & fat

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