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A&P pre-req/Quiz 1 Test

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1.
Proteoglycans
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2.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Composition and Function
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3.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
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4.
Definition and functions of Triglycerides (aka tricylglycerols or neutral fats)
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5.
Define homeostasis & homeostatic regulation
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6.
Endocrine System: Organs and Functions
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7.
Causes of decreased cell division
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8.
Female Reproductive System: Organs and Functions
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9.
Enzymes
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10.
Glycerides
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11.
Antacids
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12.
Membraneous Organelles list (M)
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13.
Primary Active Transport: Process, Rate-Affecting Factors, and Substances involved.
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14.
Synthesis Reaction
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15.
Diffusion vs. Osmosis
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16.
Exchange/Displacement Reaction
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17.
NONmembraneous Organelles list (NM)
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18.
Cell/Plasma Membrane Composition
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19.
Urinary System: Organs and Functions
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20.
Muscular System: Organs and Functions
A.
Pituitary, thyroid, & adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, endocrine tissues...Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and NRG use by the body, controls many structural and functional changes during dev.
B.
Inferior to thoracic cavity. Contains peritoneal-->abdominal+pelvic
C.
Fatty acid(s) attached to a glycerol molecule. Function as energy source, energy storage, insulation, and physical protection.
D.
Coupling of decomposition (ab->a + b) and synthesis (a + c->ac) --> (ab + c->ac + b). ie A-PP-P (ATP) + glucose -> A-PP (ADP) + glucose-P.
E.
Carrier proteins ACTIVELY transport solutes across a membrane often AGAINST a concentration gradient...availability of carrier, substrates, and ATP...Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++; other solutes by specialized cells.
F.
Cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrosome, cilia, ribosomes, proteasomes.
G.
Kidneys, Ureters, bladder, urethra...excretes waste products from blood, controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced, stores urine before elimination, regulates blood ion concentrations and pH.
H.
Anabolism, building up. [A comes before C, building comes before break down]. Forms chemical bonds (a + b -> ab). Dehydration synthesis (abc-H + de-OH-> abcde + H2O...water released). ie amino acids->protein
I.
Repressor genes, worn out telomeres (terminal DNA segments).
J.
3 fatty acids attached to glycerol molecule...3 functions: energy source, insulation, protection.
K.
Large polysaccharides (carb) + polypeptides (protein).
L.
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome, nucleus.
M.
Diffusion=Net movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration...Osmosis=movement of WATER from lower solute concentration+osmotic pressure to a region of higher S.C.+O.P. across a semi-permeable membrane.
N.
98% composed of lipids-->75% are phospholipids (amphipathic/polar-nonpolar molecules), 20% are cholesterol, 5% are glycolipids (extracellular glycocalyx). Head=polar, hydrophilic. Tails=nonpolar, fatty acid, hydrophobic.
O.
Basic compounds that neutralizes acids and forms a salt.
P.
Homeostasis=existence of a stable internal environment. Homeostatic regulation=ADJUSTMENT of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis.
Q.
Skeletal muscles (and associated tendons and aponeuroses/tendinous sheets)...Provides movement, protects and supports other tissues, generates heat that maintains body temp.
R.
M. Network of membraneous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm...synthesis of secretory products; intracellular storage and transport. Consists of Rough and Smooth ER.
S.
Catalyze intracellular or extracellular reactions.
T.
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands.
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
Physiological pH
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22.
(-COOH) Acts as an acid, releasing H+ to become R-COO^-. ie fatty acids, amino acids
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23.
Made mostly of C and H in the ratio 1:2. ie C2H4
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24.
Abnormal cell -> primary tumor -> Metastasis -> Secondary tumor
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25.
Intracellular fluid (cytosol) and organelles (membraneous and nonmembraneous)
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26.
contain C, H, and O, in a 1:2:1 ratio ie C6H12O6
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27.
Example of secondary active transport. Transports Glucose molecule into cell through protein with Na+ ion (3Na+ later pumped out of cell through Sodium-Potassium Pump).
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28.
Cofactors=ion or molecule that binds to enzyme before substrates can bind...Coenzyme=nonprotein organic cofactors.
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29.
Surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm. Split into mediastinum and left & right pleural cavities.
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30.
Protein synthesis. 2-5 hours

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